PHYL 1001 - Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What |is |type |of |movement |is |controlled |by |skeletal |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Voluntary |Movement
What |is |controlled |by |smooth |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Involuntary |movements |of |the
|internal |organs
What |is |controlled |by |cardiac |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Responsible |for |heart |
contractions
What |muscle |types |are |striated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Both |skeletal |and |cardiac
What |muscle |types |are |not |striated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Smooth |muscle
What |are |two |names |for |muscle |cells? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |fibers |and |myofiber
What |is |a |skeletal |muscle |composed |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Several |muscle |fibers, |
nerves, |blood |vessels, |and |connective |tissue
What |is |a |muscle |fascicle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bundle |of |muscle |fibers
What |structure |causes |the |striated |appearance |of |skeletal |muscles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Sarcomeres
,What |function |is |achieved |by |sarcomeres? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |contraction
Scarcolemma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plasma |membrane |of |a |muscle |fiber
Sacroplasm |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cytoplasm |of |a |muscle |cell
sarcoplasmic |reticulum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Organelle |of |the |muscle |fiber |that |stores |
calcium.
Do |skeletal |muscles |contain |mitochondria? |In |what |quantities? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Yes, |it |
contains |many |mitochondria
What |are |the |two |myofilaments? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-actin |(thin) |and |myosin |(thick)
How |does |muscle |contraction |influence |Z |disc |location? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |
contraction |brings |z |discs |closer |together
What |is |the |role |of |titin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-stability |of |z |discs/M-line |and |elasticity
What |is |the |M |line? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-supporting |proteins |that |hold |the |thick |filaments
|together |in |the |H |zone
What |two |things |bind |myosin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |and |actin
What |two |proteins |are |associated |with |actin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-troponin |and |
tropomyosin
,What |is |the |role |of |tropomyosin |in |skeletal |muscles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-covers |actin |
preventing |myosin |binding |and |therefore |muscle |contraction |at |rest
What |is |the |role |of |troponin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Binds |to |calcium |to |expose |active |sites |
on |thin |filaments
What |three |things |does |troponin |bind |to |allow |muscle |contraction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It
|must |bind |calcium, |actin, |and |tropomyosin. |This |causes |a |conformational |change |in |troponin |
which |exposes |actin |binding |sites |for |myosin.
What |type |of |neuron |activates |a |muscle |fiber? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Motor |neuron
Where |does |the |synapse |between |motor |neuron |and |muscle |fiber |(myofiber) |occur? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Neuromuscular |Junction
What |neurotransmitter |is |released |at |the |neuromuscular |junction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Acetylcholine
What |type |of |receptors |do |muscle |fibers |have? |Why? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nicotinic. |
Muscle |impulses |must |be |delivered |quickly |so |a |GPCR |receptor |will |not |be |used. |Ion |channels |
are |preferable.
Describe |the |features |of |a |motor |neuron |that |allows |fast |signal |transduction. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Large |diameter, |heavily |myelinated |axona
What |does |ACh |depolarize |in |the |neuromuscular |Junction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
myofiber/muscle |cell
What |ion |triggers |ACh |release |from |the |motor |neuron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Calcium
, What |does |ACh |bind |on |muscle |cell? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ACh |binds |nicotinic |ion |channels
|on |motor |end |plate
Briefly |describe |what |happens |when |ACh |is |released |in |the |NMJ. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ACH
|binds |nicotinic |ion |receptors |which |allows |Na+ |flow |into |cell |and |K+ |out |of |cell. |End |plate |
potential |(graded) |potential |must |be |reached |to |trigger |action |potential.
What |type |of |potential |is |the |end |plate |potential? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Graded
What |needs |to |be |achieved |to |trigger |action |potential |in |muscle |cells? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-End |plate |potential |must |be |reached
How |does |the |depolarization |signal |stop |in |the |NMJ? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |ACH |esterase
2. |Reuptake |into |presynaptic |axon |
3. |Uptake |into |glial |cells
What |is |curare? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |antagonist |of |acetylcholine |that |blocks |
acetylcholine's |receptors |in |NMJ |resulting |in |muscle |paralysis |(native |american |arrow |poison)
Describe |the |structural |advantages |of |T-tubules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dips |in |cell |
membrane |allow |end |plate |potential |(sarcolemma) |to |be |reached |close |to |sarcoplasmic |
reticulum
Why |does |every |end |plate |potential |result |in |an |action |potential? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Nicotinic |receptors/ion |channels |are |very |close |to |endplate |resulting |in |a |strong |stimulus |(as |
opposed |to |traveling |distance |in |regular |neuron)
Correct Answers
What |is |type |of |movement |is |controlled |by |skeletal |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Voluntary |Movement
What |is |controlled |by |smooth |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Involuntary |movements |of |the
|internal |organs
What |is |controlled |by |cardiac |muscle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Responsible |for |heart |
contractions
What |muscle |types |are |striated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Both |skeletal |and |cardiac
What |muscle |types |are |not |striated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Smooth |muscle
What |are |two |names |for |muscle |cells? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |fibers |and |myofiber
What |is |a |skeletal |muscle |composed |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Several |muscle |fibers, |
nerves, |blood |vessels, |and |connective |tissue
What |is |a |muscle |fascicle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bundle |of |muscle |fibers
What |structure |causes |the |striated |appearance |of |skeletal |muscles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Sarcomeres
,What |function |is |achieved |by |sarcomeres? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |contraction
Scarcolemma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plasma |membrane |of |a |muscle |fiber
Sacroplasm |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cytoplasm |of |a |muscle |cell
sarcoplasmic |reticulum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Organelle |of |the |muscle |fiber |that |stores |
calcium.
Do |skeletal |muscles |contain |mitochondria? |In |what |quantities? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Yes, |it |
contains |many |mitochondria
What |are |the |two |myofilaments? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-actin |(thin) |and |myosin |(thick)
How |does |muscle |contraction |influence |Z |disc |location? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |
contraction |brings |z |discs |closer |together
What |is |the |role |of |titin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-stability |of |z |discs/M-line |and |elasticity
What |is |the |M |line? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-supporting |proteins |that |hold |the |thick |filaments
|together |in |the |H |zone
What |two |things |bind |myosin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |and |actin
What |two |proteins |are |associated |with |actin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-troponin |and |
tropomyosin
,What |is |the |role |of |tropomyosin |in |skeletal |muscles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-covers |actin |
preventing |myosin |binding |and |therefore |muscle |contraction |at |rest
What |is |the |role |of |troponin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Binds |to |calcium |to |expose |active |sites |
on |thin |filaments
What |three |things |does |troponin |bind |to |allow |muscle |contraction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-It
|must |bind |calcium, |actin, |and |tropomyosin. |This |causes |a |conformational |change |in |troponin |
which |exposes |actin |binding |sites |for |myosin.
What |type |of |neuron |activates |a |muscle |fiber? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Motor |neuron
Where |does |the |synapse |between |motor |neuron |and |muscle |fiber |(myofiber) |occur? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Neuromuscular |Junction
What |neurotransmitter |is |released |at |the |neuromuscular |junction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Acetylcholine
What |type |of |receptors |do |muscle |fibers |have? |Why? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nicotinic. |
Muscle |impulses |must |be |delivered |quickly |so |a |GPCR |receptor |will |not |be |used. |Ion |channels |
are |preferable.
Describe |the |features |of |a |motor |neuron |that |allows |fast |signal |transduction. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Large |diameter, |heavily |myelinated |axona
What |does |ACh |depolarize |in |the |neuromuscular |Junction? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
myofiber/muscle |cell
What |ion |triggers |ACh |release |from |the |motor |neuron? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Calcium
, What |does |ACh |bind |on |muscle |cell? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ACh |binds |nicotinic |ion |channels
|on |motor |end |plate
Briefly |describe |what |happens |when |ACh |is |released |in |the |NMJ. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ACH
|binds |nicotinic |ion |receptors |which |allows |Na+ |flow |into |cell |and |K+ |out |of |cell. |End |plate |
potential |(graded) |potential |must |be |reached |to |trigger |action |potential.
What |type |of |potential |is |the |end |plate |potential? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Graded
What |needs |to |be |achieved |to |trigger |action |potential |in |muscle |cells? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-End |plate |potential |must |be |reached
How |does |the |depolarization |signal |stop |in |the |NMJ? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |ACH |esterase
2. |Reuptake |into |presynaptic |axon |
3. |Uptake |into |glial |cells
What |is |curare? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |antagonist |of |acetylcholine |that |blocks |
acetylcholine's |receptors |in |NMJ |resulting |in |muscle |paralysis |(native |american |arrow |poison)
Describe |the |structural |advantages |of |T-tubules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-dips |in |cell |
membrane |allow |end |plate |potential |(sarcolemma) |to |be |reached |close |to |sarcoplasmic |
reticulum
Why |does |every |end |plate |potential |result |in |an |action |potential? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Nicotinic |receptors/ion |channels |are |very |close |to |endplate |resulting |in |a |strong |stimulus |(as |
opposed |to |traveling |distance |in |regular |neuron)
