BIOL 1108 Exam 1 – Principles of Biology
II (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review|
100% Verified Questions & Answers |
Grade A+
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? -CORRECTANSWER genotype and
environment
species -CORRECTANSWER individuals that are able to exchange genetic material
gene pool -CORRECTANSWER all alleles present in individuals of that species
populations -CORRECTANSWER interbreeding groups of organisms of the same
species living in the same geographical area
what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? -CORRECTANSWER
mutation and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? -CORRECTANSWER cancer, disease and even
death to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? -CORRECTANSWER mutations that are passed
down to offspring
,recombination; name two ways it can occur -CORRECTANSWER new alleles may be
generated through crossing over and independent assortment
allele frequency -CORRECTANSWER rate of occurrences of alleles in a population
gene locus -CORRECTANSWER the location of a certain gene/allele
allele -CORRECTANSWER a form of a gene; one copy of a gene
example: A, a
how is genetic variation measured? -CORRECTANSWER through the allele frequency
equation
what is the allele frequency equation? -CORRECTANSWER AF=(# of copies of an
allele)/(total # of alleles in population)
evolution -CORRECTANSWER change in allele frequency or genotype frequency over
time
how is evolution measured? -CORRECTANSWER examinable physical traits, gel
electrophoresis, DNA sequences;
, most importantly: the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
what does the hardy-weinberg equilibrium model describe? -CORRECTANSWER the
situation in which evolution does NOT occur
a population in the HW equilibrium meets what requirements? -CORRECTANSWER 1.
closed population (no migration or gene flow)
2. no mutations
3. large population (no genetic drift)
4. random mating (no sexual selection)
5. no natural selection
what is the HW equation? -CORRECTANSWER p^2 + 2pq + q^2
natural selection occurs when... -CORRECTANSWER ...individuals with certain traits
reproduce more offspring than do individuals without those traits
stabilizing selection -CORRECTANSWER against the extremes
directional selection -CORRECTANSWER against one extreme
disruptive selection -CORRECTANSWER against the mean
II (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Review|
100% Verified Questions & Answers |
Grade A+
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? -CORRECTANSWER genotype and
environment
species -CORRECTANSWER individuals that are able to exchange genetic material
gene pool -CORRECTANSWER all alleles present in individuals of that species
populations -CORRECTANSWER interbreeding groups of organisms of the same
species living in the same geographical area
what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? -CORRECTANSWER
mutation and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? -CORRECTANSWER cancer, disease and even
death to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? -CORRECTANSWER mutations that are passed
down to offspring
,recombination; name two ways it can occur -CORRECTANSWER new alleles may be
generated through crossing over and independent assortment
allele frequency -CORRECTANSWER rate of occurrences of alleles in a population
gene locus -CORRECTANSWER the location of a certain gene/allele
allele -CORRECTANSWER a form of a gene; one copy of a gene
example: A, a
how is genetic variation measured? -CORRECTANSWER through the allele frequency
equation
what is the allele frequency equation? -CORRECTANSWER AF=(# of copies of an
allele)/(total # of alleles in population)
evolution -CORRECTANSWER change in allele frequency or genotype frequency over
time
how is evolution measured? -CORRECTANSWER examinable physical traits, gel
electrophoresis, DNA sequences;
, most importantly: the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
what does the hardy-weinberg equilibrium model describe? -CORRECTANSWER the
situation in which evolution does NOT occur
a population in the HW equilibrium meets what requirements? -CORRECTANSWER 1.
closed population (no migration or gene flow)
2. no mutations
3. large population (no genetic drift)
4. random mating (no sexual selection)
5. no natural selection
what is the HW equation? -CORRECTANSWER p^2 + 2pq + q^2
natural selection occurs when... -CORRECTANSWER ...individuals with certain traits
reproduce more offspring than do individuals without those traits
stabilizing selection -CORRECTANSWER against the extremes
directional selection -CORRECTANSWER against one extreme
disruptive selection -CORRECTANSWER against the mean
