MMSC407 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
%T vs. concentration (on linear graph paper) Correct Answers
logarithmical relationship (absorbance goes up = %T goes
down)
-a lot of light going in = concentration of analyte is low = high
%T
%T vs. concentration (on semi-log graph paper) Correct
Answers direct relationship
1hr plasma glucose (gestational) Correct Answers greater than
180 mg/dL
2hr plasma glucose (gestational) Correct Answers greater than
153 mg/dL
3 metabolic pathways Correct Answers -converts to glycogen:
goes to liver for storage
-glycolytic pathway or Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP =
glycolysis)
-hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway
-ultimate goal of all pathways is to convert glucose to CO2 and
H2O
-2 moles of ATP are consumed to generate 4 moles of ATP =
net gain of 2 ATP
4 methods of diagnosis of diabetes Correct Answers each must
be confirmed by ONE OF THE FIRST THREE methods on a
subsequent day:
,-diabetes symptoms and a random plasma glucose of greater
than 200mg/dL
-fasting plasma glucose of greater than 126 mg/dL
-HbA1c greater than 6.5% using national glycohemoglobin
standardization program (NGSP)
-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 2 hr post load greater
than 200 mg/dL: usually done on women who have had
gestational diabetes
absorbance equation Correct Answers A= log(100%T/%T)
A= log100 - log%T
A= 2 - log%T
absorbance vs. concentration Correct Answers linear and direct
relationship
-done on linear graph paper
absorbed Correct Answers the wave is absorbed by the material
-light that comes in the solution and stays there
absorption of hexoses Correct Answers -metabolism generates
energy conversion: production of carbon dioxide and water
-glycogen store in the liver or as triglycerides in fat tissue
-primarily stored in liver and when there's excess, it's converted
to triglycerides and is stored in fat tissue
-conversion to keto acid, amino acids or protein
accuracy Correct Answers how close is the result to the "true"
result?
-should be AROUND the true value
,accurate, precise (fill in blank) Correct Answers the darts are
both ___ and ___
ACTH Correct Answers -responds to cortisol
-negative feedback
adrenal gland hormones Correct Answers epinephrine and
glucocorticoids
adrenal glands Correct Answers
affinity chromatography Correct Answers -most popular
-put normal hemoglobin into the column, PBA is inside the
column, PBA choose when to grab the HbA1c
-HbA1c moves through the column SLOWER
albuminuria Correct Answers -increase in urinary albumin is
early sign of renal nephropathy
-albumin is a much larger ketone and when it needs to be broken
down, the kidneys lose their ability to filter
-annual assessment of kidney function by determination of
urinary albumin excretion is recommended for diabetic patients
-looks at small amounts of albumin (microalbumin = small
amounts NOT small in size)
-persistent amount of albumin is compared against the creatinine
level
-persistent albuminuria: albumin-creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g
(considered to be high)
, aldose (location of C=O functional group) Correct Answers
monosaccharide with a terminal carbonyl group (aldehyde
group)
-at the end of the chain
amplitude Correct Answers the height of each wave
-little wave the is very long OR short wave that is very tall
analytical activities (fill in blank) Correct Answers components
of a quality assurance program specific to ____ _____
-calibration of instruments
-QC: data analysis is based on acceptable control ranges
-reference ranges: specific to patient populations (get lab work
done, usually a H (high) or L (low) is next to the numbers)
-range is required on ALL results
analytical activities Correct Answers occur in the laboratory
and directly deal with the analysis of the sample
-behavior and analysis that happens with the lab professionals
analytical measurement range Correct Answers -range of
analyte values that a method can directly measure by a method
or instrument, without any dilution
-falls within the linearity of the method or instrument
-can sometimes be a single value rather than a range
ATP (fill in blank) Correct Answers all 3 metabolic pathways
start with converting glucose to glucose 6 phosphate (G6P)
using ___
-this is the FIRST STEP for every pathway
-uses the enzyme hexokinase
%T vs. concentration (on linear graph paper) Correct Answers
logarithmical relationship (absorbance goes up = %T goes
down)
-a lot of light going in = concentration of analyte is low = high
%T
%T vs. concentration (on semi-log graph paper) Correct
Answers direct relationship
1hr plasma glucose (gestational) Correct Answers greater than
180 mg/dL
2hr plasma glucose (gestational) Correct Answers greater than
153 mg/dL
3 metabolic pathways Correct Answers -converts to glycogen:
goes to liver for storage
-glycolytic pathway or Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP =
glycolysis)
-hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway
-ultimate goal of all pathways is to convert glucose to CO2 and
H2O
-2 moles of ATP are consumed to generate 4 moles of ATP =
net gain of 2 ATP
4 methods of diagnosis of diabetes Correct Answers each must
be confirmed by ONE OF THE FIRST THREE methods on a
subsequent day:
,-diabetes symptoms and a random plasma glucose of greater
than 200mg/dL
-fasting plasma glucose of greater than 126 mg/dL
-HbA1c greater than 6.5% using national glycohemoglobin
standardization program (NGSP)
-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 2 hr post load greater
than 200 mg/dL: usually done on women who have had
gestational diabetes
absorbance equation Correct Answers A= log(100%T/%T)
A= log100 - log%T
A= 2 - log%T
absorbance vs. concentration Correct Answers linear and direct
relationship
-done on linear graph paper
absorbed Correct Answers the wave is absorbed by the material
-light that comes in the solution and stays there
absorption of hexoses Correct Answers -metabolism generates
energy conversion: production of carbon dioxide and water
-glycogen store in the liver or as triglycerides in fat tissue
-primarily stored in liver and when there's excess, it's converted
to triglycerides and is stored in fat tissue
-conversion to keto acid, amino acids or protein
accuracy Correct Answers how close is the result to the "true"
result?
-should be AROUND the true value
,accurate, precise (fill in blank) Correct Answers the darts are
both ___ and ___
ACTH Correct Answers -responds to cortisol
-negative feedback
adrenal gland hormones Correct Answers epinephrine and
glucocorticoids
adrenal glands Correct Answers
affinity chromatography Correct Answers -most popular
-put normal hemoglobin into the column, PBA is inside the
column, PBA choose when to grab the HbA1c
-HbA1c moves through the column SLOWER
albuminuria Correct Answers -increase in urinary albumin is
early sign of renal nephropathy
-albumin is a much larger ketone and when it needs to be broken
down, the kidneys lose their ability to filter
-annual assessment of kidney function by determination of
urinary albumin excretion is recommended for diabetic patients
-looks at small amounts of albumin (microalbumin = small
amounts NOT small in size)
-persistent amount of albumin is compared against the creatinine
level
-persistent albuminuria: albumin-creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g
(considered to be high)
, aldose (location of C=O functional group) Correct Answers
monosaccharide with a terminal carbonyl group (aldehyde
group)
-at the end of the chain
amplitude Correct Answers the height of each wave
-little wave the is very long OR short wave that is very tall
analytical activities (fill in blank) Correct Answers components
of a quality assurance program specific to ____ _____
-calibration of instruments
-QC: data analysis is based on acceptable control ranges
-reference ranges: specific to patient populations (get lab work
done, usually a H (high) or L (low) is next to the numbers)
-range is required on ALL results
analytical activities Correct Answers occur in the laboratory
and directly deal with the analysis of the sample
-behavior and analysis that happens with the lab professionals
analytical measurement range Correct Answers -range of
analyte values that a method can directly measure by a method
or instrument, without any dilution
-falls within the linearity of the method or instrument
-can sometimes be a single value rather than a range
ATP (fill in blank) Correct Answers all 3 metabolic pathways
start with converting glucose to glucose 6 phosphate (G6P)
using ___
-this is the FIRST STEP for every pathway
-uses the enzyme hexokinase
