LECOM ANATOMY EXAM 1 MMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

LECOM ANATOMY EXAM 1 MMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Anatomy LECOM Exam 1 MMS anterior ramus •send branches posteriorly to innervate the extrinsic "superficial" back muscles, not trapizius posterior ramus serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk purpose of intertubercal sulcus important for muscle attachment Trapezius- attachment & action proximal attach- •External occipital protuberance, Superior nuchal line, Nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes distal attach-•Acromia and spines of the scapulae Lateral 1/3 of the clavicles actions- moves scapulae Trapezius Innervation Accessory nerve (CN XI) & C3 & C4 anterior rami spinal nerve, blood from superficial cervical artery, joins spinal accessory nerve Spinal Accessory (XI) injury trauma, motor, shoulder cant shrug cant raise hand above head Latissimus dorsi •Proximal Attachments •Spinous processes of T7-T12, 10th-12th ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia •Distal Attachments •Anterior surface of humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus) •Actions •Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Elevates the body when climbing or doing chin-ups latissimus dorsi •Motor/sensory innervation •Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 – from brachial plexus) •Blood supply •Thoracodorsal artery – branch of the subscapular artery •Rhomboid major •Proximal Attachment – spinous processes of T2-T5 •Distal Attachments – medial border of scapula •Actions – retract the scapula and keep it fixed to thoracic wall. can rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly •Rhomboid minor •Proximal Attachment – Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 •Distal Attachments – medial edge of scapular spine •Actions – same as rhomboid major Rhomboids •Motor/sensory innervation •Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5 – from brachial plexus) •Blood supply •Dorsal scapular artery – branch of either the subclavian artery or cervicodorsal trunk Levator scapulae •Proximal Attachments •Transverse processes of C1-C4 •Distal Attachments •Medial border of scapula, superior to the root of the scapular spine •Actions •Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly •Innervation and blood supply •Dorsal scapular nerve (with contribution from C3) and dorsal scapular artery Triangle of Auscultation breath sounds formed by- medial border scapula, lateral trapezius, superior latissimus dorsi rhomboid major on triangle floor Intermediate back muscles •serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior •Lie in between the superficial and deep back muscles •Serve a respiratory function serratus posterior superior •Proximal Attachments •Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 •Distal Attachments •Superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs •Actions •Proprioception. (may act to elevate the ribs) •Innervation •Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T2-T5) Serratus posterior inferior •Proximal Attachments •Spinous processes of T11-L2 •Distal Attachments •Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs •Actions •Proprioception. (may act to depress the ribs) •Innervation •Intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T9-T12) Deep back muscles •“intrinsic” back muscles –Superficial, intermediate, and deep layers •All are enclosed by deep fascia (including the thoracolumbar fascia) •They extend from the pelvis to the cranium •Maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column •All innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves what is back skin innervated by posterior rami splenius capitis distal attach-•mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of occipital bone Splenis Cervicis distal attach-•- transverse processes C1-C3, or C4 Splenius muscles •Proximal Attachments Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 •Actions •Unilateral – lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head towards active muscles •Bilateral – extension of head and neck Erector spinae muscle group iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis the intermediate layer of deep back muscles •Largest group of intrinsic back muscles •Located along a groove on each side of the vertebral column – between the spinous processes and angles of the ribs Iliocostalis •It is the most lateral muscle in the erector spinae group •Distal Attachments •Angles of the ribs and cervical transverse processes Longissimus •Lies between the spinalis and iliocostalis muscles •Distal Attachments