NSD 225 EXAM 1 (SYRACUSE
UNIVERSITY, UZCATEGUI)
Essential Nutrients - Correct Answers -- omission leads to decline
- regain normal function when restored to the diet
- has specific biological function
Energy Density - Correct Answers -- Comparison of kcal content with the weight of food
- High in calories but weighs very little
- Low energy dense foods usually have a lot of water content and fiber
Enrichment - Correct Answers -The addition to food of specific amounts of nutrients to
replace those lost during processing.
Unsaturated fatty acid - Correct Answers -A fatty acid that contains one or more carbon-
carbon double bonds; may be either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.
Digestion - Correct Answers -The process by which food is broken down into
components small enough to be absorbed into the body.
Peristalsis - Correct Answers -Coordinated muscular contractions that move material
through the GI tract.
Mucus - Correct Answers -Secreted from mucosal cells lining the digestive tract.
Moistens, lubricates, and protects.
Chyme - Correct Answers -A mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions.
Refined Grains - Correct Answers -foods processed to remove course parts such as the
bran and germ which removes the fiber and some vitamins and minerals
Glucagon - Correct Answers -A hormone made in the pancreas that raises blood
glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of liver glycogen and the synthesis of
glucose.
Calorie or kcal - Correct Answers -A unit of measure used to express the amount of
energy provided by food.
, Empty Calories - Correct Answers -Food or drinks with calories and no nutrients solid
fats, added sugars
Enzymes - Correct Answers -Present in digestive system secretions. Accelerate
chemical reactions that break down food into units small enough to be absorbed.
Probiotics - Correct Answers -A product that contains live bacteria, which when
consumed temporarily lives in the colon and confers health benefits on the host.
Refined Sugars - Correct Answers -have been implicated as one of the causes of the
obesity epidemic
Refined = processed
Saturated Fatty Acid - Correct Answers -A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are
bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible; it therefore contains no carbon-carbon
double bonds.
Nutrient Density - Correct Answers -Comparison of vitamin and mineral content with the
number of kcals.
Daily Value - Correct Answers -Reference values developed by the FDA specifically for
use on the food label based on a 2000 calorie diet
-5%= low
-20%= high
Bolus - Correct Answers -Chewed food
Prebiotics - Correct Answers -are food components (fibers) that are used as food by
intestinal bacteria
Insulin - Correct Answers -Hormone made in the pancreas that allows glucose to enter
cells and stimulates the synthesis of protein, fat, and liver and muscle glycogen.
Trans fat - Correct Answers -made using the process of hydrogenation to make them
behave like saturated fats
6 Classes of nutrients and their functions - Correct Answers -1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
Provide calories; for growth, development, and maintenance; regulate body processes
UNIVERSITY, UZCATEGUI)
Essential Nutrients - Correct Answers -- omission leads to decline
- regain normal function when restored to the diet
- has specific biological function
Energy Density - Correct Answers -- Comparison of kcal content with the weight of food
- High in calories but weighs very little
- Low energy dense foods usually have a lot of water content and fiber
Enrichment - Correct Answers -The addition to food of specific amounts of nutrients to
replace those lost during processing.
Unsaturated fatty acid - Correct Answers -A fatty acid that contains one or more carbon-
carbon double bonds; may be either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.
Digestion - Correct Answers -The process by which food is broken down into
components small enough to be absorbed into the body.
Peristalsis - Correct Answers -Coordinated muscular contractions that move material
through the GI tract.
Mucus - Correct Answers -Secreted from mucosal cells lining the digestive tract.
Moistens, lubricates, and protects.
Chyme - Correct Answers -A mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions.
Refined Grains - Correct Answers -foods processed to remove course parts such as the
bran and germ which removes the fiber and some vitamins and minerals
Glucagon - Correct Answers -A hormone made in the pancreas that raises blood
glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of liver glycogen and the synthesis of
glucose.
Calorie or kcal - Correct Answers -A unit of measure used to express the amount of
energy provided by food.
, Empty Calories - Correct Answers -Food or drinks with calories and no nutrients solid
fats, added sugars
Enzymes - Correct Answers -Present in digestive system secretions. Accelerate
chemical reactions that break down food into units small enough to be absorbed.
Probiotics - Correct Answers -A product that contains live bacteria, which when
consumed temporarily lives in the colon and confers health benefits on the host.
Refined Sugars - Correct Answers -have been implicated as one of the causes of the
obesity epidemic
Refined = processed
Saturated Fatty Acid - Correct Answers -A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are
bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible; it therefore contains no carbon-carbon
double bonds.
Nutrient Density - Correct Answers -Comparison of vitamin and mineral content with the
number of kcals.
Daily Value - Correct Answers -Reference values developed by the FDA specifically for
use on the food label based on a 2000 calorie diet
-5%= low
-20%= high
Bolus - Correct Answers -Chewed food
Prebiotics - Correct Answers -are food components (fibers) that are used as food by
intestinal bacteria
Insulin - Correct Answers -Hormone made in the pancreas that allows glucose to enter
cells and stimulates the synthesis of protein, fat, and liver and muscle glycogen.
Trans fat - Correct Answers -made using the process of hydrogenation to make them
behave like saturated fats
6 Classes of nutrients and their functions - Correct Answers -1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
Provide calories; for growth, development, and maintenance; regulate body processes
