NHM 475 Final Exam questions n
answers 2025/2026
relationship betw managers and types of decision making - correct answer ✔✔low level mgt -
structured problems with programmable decisions;
upper level mgt - unstructured problems with nonprogrammable decisions
structured problem - correct answer ✔✔routine and predictable discrepancies betw what is
and what should be; requires programmable decisions
unstructured problem - correct answer ✔✔new, unusual, and often unpredictable (nonroutine);
requires nonprogrammable decisions
decision - correct answer ✔✔conclusion or judgement about some issue or matter
decision making - correct answer ✔✔process of selecting (making a choice) the best course of
action from a variety of alternatives
critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔process of employing purposeful, self-regulatory
judgement that gives consideration to the evidence, methods, concepts, and criteria on which
such a judgement is based
problem solver vs problem seeker - correct answer ✔✔reactive vs proactive
steps in decision making - correct answer ✔✔1-define the problem
2-gather the data
3-analyze the data
,4-develop and evaluate options
5-select best option
6-implement option
7-evaluate option
what is the most important step in decision making? - correct answer ✔✔identifying the
problem
problem - correct answer ✔✔a deviation from some std or desired level of performance to
which a person is committed to finding a soln
decision making methods - correct answer ✔✔1-brainstorming
2-decision tree
3-synectics
4-cost effectiveness
5-Delphi method
6-PERT and CPM (networks)
7-Other (Gantt chart, focus group, queuing theory, game theory, simulation)
synectics - correct answer ✔✔-group oriented process to DM
-small group of selected experts
-criticism is allowed
-every facet of problem is analyzed in detail
-b4 solns are offered, analogies are dev for better understanding of the problem
-qty is not priority; solns that work are
, decision tree - correct answer ✔✔-allows mgt to assess the consequences of a sequence of
decisions with reference to a particular problem
-starts with a primary decision that has at least 2 alternatives to be evaluated
nominal group technique - correct answer ✔✔1-problem is presented and members write
down ideas w/out consulting others
2-each members presents ideas
3-discussion
4-member independently ranks the ideas (aggregate ranking)
Delphi method - correct answer ✔✔-panel of experts never meet as a group
-questionnaire sent to group to generate ideas
-results are compiled and redistributed for comment
-process repeated until consensus is reached (time consuming)
PERT and CPM methods - correct answer ✔✔-networks for decision making
1-ID activities
2-assign time frame
3-set up network program
4-construct network diagram
De Facto - correct answer ✔✔decisions made passively with no objections expressed
(indifferent)
groupthink - correct answer ✔✔characteristic of groups that evolves when the cohesiveness of
the group becomes more important than the problem that needs to be solved
answers 2025/2026
relationship betw managers and types of decision making - correct answer ✔✔low level mgt -
structured problems with programmable decisions;
upper level mgt - unstructured problems with nonprogrammable decisions
structured problem - correct answer ✔✔routine and predictable discrepancies betw what is
and what should be; requires programmable decisions
unstructured problem - correct answer ✔✔new, unusual, and often unpredictable (nonroutine);
requires nonprogrammable decisions
decision - correct answer ✔✔conclusion or judgement about some issue or matter
decision making - correct answer ✔✔process of selecting (making a choice) the best course of
action from a variety of alternatives
critical thinking - correct answer ✔✔process of employing purposeful, self-regulatory
judgement that gives consideration to the evidence, methods, concepts, and criteria on which
such a judgement is based
problem solver vs problem seeker - correct answer ✔✔reactive vs proactive
steps in decision making - correct answer ✔✔1-define the problem
2-gather the data
3-analyze the data
,4-develop and evaluate options
5-select best option
6-implement option
7-evaluate option
what is the most important step in decision making? - correct answer ✔✔identifying the
problem
problem - correct answer ✔✔a deviation from some std or desired level of performance to
which a person is committed to finding a soln
decision making methods - correct answer ✔✔1-brainstorming
2-decision tree
3-synectics
4-cost effectiveness
5-Delphi method
6-PERT and CPM (networks)
7-Other (Gantt chart, focus group, queuing theory, game theory, simulation)
synectics - correct answer ✔✔-group oriented process to DM
-small group of selected experts
-criticism is allowed
-every facet of problem is analyzed in detail
-b4 solns are offered, analogies are dev for better understanding of the problem
-qty is not priority; solns that work are
, decision tree - correct answer ✔✔-allows mgt to assess the consequences of a sequence of
decisions with reference to a particular problem
-starts with a primary decision that has at least 2 alternatives to be evaluated
nominal group technique - correct answer ✔✔1-problem is presented and members write
down ideas w/out consulting others
2-each members presents ideas
3-discussion
4-member independently ranks the ideas (aggregate ranking)
Delphi method - correct answer ✔✔-panel of experts never meet as a group
-questionnaire sent to group to generate ideas
-results are compiled and redistributed for comment
-process repeated until consensus is reached (time consuming)
PERT and CPM methods - correct answer ✔✔-networks for decision making
1-ID activities
2-assign time frame
3-set up network program
4-construct network diagram
De Facto - correct answer ✔✔decisions made passively with no objections expressed
(indifferent)
groupthink - correct answer ✔✔characteristic of groups that evolves when the cohesiveness of
the group becomes more important than the problem that needs to be solved
