Solution Manual For
Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition by David A. Patterson John L. Hennessy
1
Solutions
,
, 3
1.1 Personal computer (includes workstation and laptop): Personal computers
emphasize delivery of good performance to single users at low cost and usually
execute third-party software.
Personal mobile device (PMD, includes tablets): PMDs are battery operated
with wireless connectivity to the Internet and typically cost hundreds of
dollars, and, like PCs, users can download software (“apps”) to run on them.
Unlike PCs, they no longer have a keyboard and mouse, and are more likely
to rely on a touch-sensitive screen or even speech input.
Server: Computer used to run large problems and usually accessed via a
network.
Warehouse-scale computer: Thousands of processors forming a large cluster.
Supercomputer: Computer composed of hundreds to thousands of processors
and terabytes of memory.
Embedded computer: Computer designed to run one application or one set
of related applications and integrated into a single system.
knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of
business exams and Writing Skills: Busin
1.2
a. Performance via Pipelining
b. Dependability via Redundancy
c. Performance via Prediction
d. Make the Common Case Fast
e. Hierarchy of Memories
f. Performance via Parallelism
g. Design for Moore’s Law
h. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design
1.3 The program is compiled into an assembly language program, which is then
assembled into a machine language program.
1.4
a. 1280 × 1024 pixels = 1,310,720 pixels => 1,310,720 × 3 = 3,932,160 bytes/
frame.
b. 3,932,160 bytes × (8 bits/byte) /100E6 bits/second = 0.31 seconds
1.5
a. performance of P1 (instructions/sec) = 3 × 109/1.5 = 2 × 109
performance of P2 (instructions/sec) = 2.5 × 109/1.0 = 2.5 × 109
performance of P3 (instructions/sec) = 4 × 109/2.2 = 1.8 × 109
, 4
b. cycles(P1) = 10 × 3 × 109 = 30 × 109 s
cycles(P2) = 10 × 2.5 × 109 = 25 × 109 s
cycles(P3) = 10 × 4 × 109 = 40 × 109 s
c. No. instructions(P1) = 30 × 109/1.5 = 20 × 109
No. instructions(P2) = 25 × 109/1 = 25 × 109
No. instructions(P3) = 40 × 109/2.2 = 18.18 × 109
CPInew = CPIold × 1.2, then CPI(P1) = 1.8, CPI(P2) = 1.2, CPI(P3) = 2.6
f = No. instr. × CPI/time, then
f(P1) = 20 × 109 × 1.8/7 = 5.14 GHz
f(P2) = 25 × 109 × 1.2/7 = 4.28 GHz
f(P1) = 18.18 × 109 × 2.6/7 = 6.75 GHz
1.6
a. Class A: 105 instr. Class B: 2 × 105 instr. Class C: 5 × 105 instr. Class D: 2 × 105
instr.
Time = No. instr. × CPI/clock rate
Total time P1 = (105 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 3 + 2 × 105 × 3)/(2.5 × 109) =
10.4 × 10−4 s
Total time P2 = (105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2)/(3 × 109) =
6.66 × 10−4 s
CPI(P1) = 10.4 × 10−4 × 2.5 × 109/106 = 2.6
CPI(P2) = 6.66 × 10−4 × 3 × 109/106 = 2.0
b. clock cycles(P1) = 105 × 1 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 3 + 2 × 105 × 3 = 26 × 105
clock cycles(P2) = 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 = 20 × 105
knowledge and practical
application. Depending on
the subject area, these
exams can vary
significantly in format.
Common types of business
exams and Writing
Skills: Busin
1.7
a. CPI = Texec × f/No. instr.
Compiler A CPI = 1.1
Compiler B CPI = 1.25
b. fB/fA = (No. instr.(B) × CPI(B))/(No. instr.(A) × CPI(A)) = 1.37
c. TA/Tnew = 1.67
Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition by David A. Patterson John L. Hennessy
1
Solutions
,
, 3
1.1 Personal computer (includes workstation and laptop): Personal computers
emphasize delivery of good performance to single users at low cost and usually
execute third-party software.
Personal mobile device (PMD, includes tablets): PMDs are battery operated
with wireless connectivity to the Internet and typically cost hundreds of
dollars, and, like PCs, users can download software (“apps”) to run on them.
Unlike PCs, they no longer have a keyboard and mouse, and are more likely
to rely on a touch-sensitive screen or even speech input.
Server: Computer used to run large problems and usually accessed via a
network.
Warehouse-scale computer: Thousands of processors forming a large cluster.
Supercomputer: Computer composed of hundreds to thousands of processors
and terabytes of memory.
Embedded computer: Computer designed to run one application or one set
of related applications and integrated into a single system.
knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of
business exams and Writing Skills: Busin
1.2
a. Performance via Pipelining
b. Dependability via Redundancy
c. Performance via Prediction
d. Make the Common Case Fast
e. Hierarchy of Memories
f. Performance via Parallelism
g. Design for Moore’s Law
h. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design
1.3 The program is compiled into an assembly language program, which is then
assembled into a machine language program.
1.4
a. 1280 × 1024 pixels = 1,310,720 pixels => 1,310,720 × 3 = 3,932,160 bytes/
frame.
b. 3,932,160 bytes × (8 bits/byte) /100E6 bits/second = 0.31 seconds
1.5
a. performance of P1 (instructions/sec) = 3 × 109/1.5 = 2 × 109
performance of P2 (instructions/sec) = 2.5 × 109/1.0 = 2.5 × 109
performance of P3 (instructions/sec) = 4 × 109/2.2 = 1.8 × 109
, 4
b. cycles(P1) = 10 × 3 × 109 = 30 × 109 s
cycles(P2) = 10 × 2.5 × 109 = 25 × 109 s
cycles(P3) = 10 × 4 × 109 = 40 × 109 s
c. No. instructions(P1) = 30 × 109/1.5 = 20 × 109
No. instructions(P2) = 25 × 109/1 = 25 × 109
No. instructions(P3) = 40 × 109/2.2 = 18.18 × 109
CPInew = CPIold × 1.2, then CPI(P1) = 1.8, CPI(P2) = 1.2, CPI(P3) = 2.6
f = No. instr. × CPI/time, then
f(P1) = 20 × 109 × 1.8/7 = 5.14 GHz
f(P2) = 25 × 109 × 1.2/7 = 4.28 GHz
f(P1) = 18.18 × 109 × 2.6/7 = 6.75 GHz
1.6
a. Class A: 105 instr. Class B: 2 × 105 instr. Class C: 5 × 105 instr. Class D: 2 × 105
instr.
Time = No. instr. × CPI/clock rate
Total time P1 = (105 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 3 + 2 × 105 × 3)/(2.5 × 109) =
10.4 × 10−4 s
Total time P2 = (105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2)/(3 × 109) =
6.66 × 10−4 s
CPI(P1) = 10.4 × 10−4 × 2.5 × 109/106 = 2.6
CPI(P2) = 6.66 × 10−4 × 3 × 109/106 = 2.0
b. clock cycles(P1) = 105 × 1 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 3 + 2 × 105 × 3 = 26 × 105
clock cycles(P2) = 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 + 5 × 105 × 2 + 2 × 105 × 2 = 20 × 105
knowledge and practical
application. Depending on
the subject area, these
exams can vary
significantly in format.
Common types of business
exams and Writing
Skills: Busin
1.7
a. CPI = Texec × f/No. instr.
Compiler A CPI = 1.1
Compiler B CPI = 1.25
b. fB/fA = (No. instr.(B) × CPI(B))/(No. instr.(A) × CPI(A)) = 1.37
c. TA/Tnew = 1.67
