NUR 160
NURS 434 Final Exam Study Questions with
Detailed Answers 2026
Coronary Artery Disease
-Type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of
atherosclerosis
-Most common type of cardiovascular disease and accounts for the majority
of deaths
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
-Unstable angina and myocardial infarction fall under this and are more
serious, pain from angina is relieved by resting or taking a medication such as
nitroglycerin, if the pain is not relieved within 15 minutes of trying these
interventions, then look at the possibility of the patient having an MI
Populations at greatest risk for ACS
-Middle-aged older adults
-African American Males
-Infants who are born with a congenital heart defect
-Trauma patients
Individual Risk factors for ACS
-Atherosclerosis
-Myocardial disease
Modifiable Risk factors for ACS
-Smoking
-Elevated Serum Lipids
-Sedentary Lifestyle
-Obesity
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-Diabetes Mellitus
-Hypertension
Non-Modifiables Risk factors for ACS
-Age
-Gender
-Genetic Predisposition
-Ethnicity
-Family History
Categories that influence risk score for ACS
-Age
-Gender
-Ethnicity
-Tobacco use
-Hypertension
-Drug use
-Total cholesterol level
-HDL cholesterol level
-Elevated Serum Lipids
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Obesity
-Diabetes Mellitus
Age and how in influences the risk for ACS
-Incidence of CAD and potential of having an MI is higher in white middle-
aged men, equals out at age 65
Gender and its influence on ACS
-Women with CAD are generally older than men, affects men at a younger
age, but women are more likely to have co-morbidities
-Women have atypical symptoms such as jaw pain and back pain
Ethnicity and its influence on ACS
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-African Americans have an earlier onset and tend to have more severe CAD
-CAD incidence and mortality rate is greater in African American women
than white women
Tobacco use and its influence on ACS
-Increased catecholamine release
-Increased LDL, increased HDL, increased oxygen radicals
-Increased carbon monoxide
-Second-hand smoke increases risk as well
Hypertension and its influence on ACS
->130/80 (stage 1)
-Begin lifestyle changes for prehypertension
-Treat stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension
Elevated Serum Lipids and its influence on ACS
-Cholesterol >200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)
-Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
Sedentary lifestyle and its effect on risk for ACS
-Recommended to get at least 30 minutes of exercise 5 times a week
Obesity and its affect on ACS
-Mortality rate is higher
Diabetes and its effect on ACS
-Incidence of CAD is 2-4 times greater among those that have diabetes,
especially if they do not manage it appropriately
Physiologic Process and Consequences of ACS
-Central perfusion -- systemic affects
-Tissue perfusion-- local
History Assessment of a patient with ACS
NUR 160
NURS 434 Final Exam Study Questions with
Detailed Answers 2026
Coronary Artery Disease
-Type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of
atherosclerosis
-Most common type of cardiovascular disease and accounts for the majority
of deaths
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
-Unstable angina and myocardial infarction fall under this and are more
serious, pain from angina is relieved by resting or taking a medication such as
nitroglycerin, if the pain is not relieved within 15 minutes of trying these
interventions, then look at the possibility of the patient having an MI
Populations at greatest risk for ACS
-Middle-aged older adults
-African American Males
-Infants who are born with a congenital heart defect
-Trauma patients
Individual Risk factors for ACS
-Atherosclerosis
-Myocardial disease
Modifiable Risk factors for ACS
-Smoking
-Elevated Serum Lipids
-Sedentary Lifestyle
-Obesity
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-Diabetes Mellitus
-Hypertension
Non-Modifiables Risk factors for ACS
-Age
-Gender
-Genetic Predisposition
-Ethnicity
-Family History
Categories that influence risk score for ACS
-Age
-Gender
-Ethnicity
-Tobacco use
-Hypertension
-Drug use
-Total cholesterol level
-HDL cholesterol level
-Elevated Serum Lipids
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Obesity
-Diabetes Mellitus
Age and how in influences the risk for ACS
-Incidence of CAD and potential of having an MI is higher in white middle-
aged men, equals out at age 65
Gender and its influence on ACS
-Women with CAD are generally older than men, affects men at a younger
age, but women are more likely to have co-morbidities
-Women have atypical symptoms such as jaw pain and back pain
Ethnicity and its influence on ACS
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-African Americans have an earlier onset and tend to have more severe CAD
-CAD incidence and mortality rate is greater in African American women
than white women
Tobacco use and its influence on ACS
-Increased catecholamine release
-Increased LDL, increased HDL, increased oxygen radicals
-Increased carbon monoxide
-Second-hand smoke increases risk as well
Hypertension and its influence on ACS
->130/80 (stage 1)
-Begin lifestyle changes for prehypertension
-Treat stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension
Elevated Serum Lipids and its influence on ACS
-Cholesterol >200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)
-Triglycerides >150 mg/dL
Sedentary lifestyle and its effect on risk for ACS
-Recommended to get at least 30 minutes of exercise 5 times a week
Obesity and its affect on ACS
-Mortality rate is higher
Diabetes and its effect on ACS
-Incidence of CAD is 2-4 times greater among those that have diabetes,
especially if they do not manage it appropriately
Physiologic Process and Consequences of ACS
-Central perfusion -- systemic affects
-Tissue perfusion-- local
History Assessment of a patient with ACS
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