POLI 2051 Exam 1 – Hogan Test
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are examples of which
of the following?
Select one:
a. interest groups
b. red tape
c. public policies
d. public opinion - Answer c. public policies
Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democratic theory?
Select one:
a. inclusion
b. effective participation
c. enlightened understanding
d. equality in voting - Answer c. enlightened understanding
The U.S. preference for __________ economic policies helps to explain why we have a smaller
and more limited government than do most other advanced industrialized countries.
Select one:
a. laissez-faire
b. populist
c. pluralist
d. egalitarian - Answer a. laissez-faire
The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political __________.
Select one:
a. ideals
b. participation
,Select one:
a. a location to express a political opinion
b. the formation of a special interest group
c. an environment where one learns about the political process
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda - Answer
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda
What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a
majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart the will of the others?
Select one:
a. divided government
b. hyperpluralism
c. policy gridlock
d. separation of powers - Answer c. policy gridlock
What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders
pursue?
Select one:
a. the media
b. public opinion
c. politics
d. public policy - Answer c. politics
What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and expenditures?
Select one:
a. budgetary choice
b. regulation
c. court decision
d. presidential action - Answer a. budgetary choice
What makes up the government's policy agenda?
Select one:
,d. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups - Answer b. the issues that attract the
serious attention of public officials and other political actors
What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
Select one:
a. adequate and equal resources for expressing preferences
b. freedom of speech and of the press
c. one person, one vote
d. universal citizenship - Answer c. one person, one vote
Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become sovereign, and the
government is merely their servant?
Select one:
a. pluralism
b. hyperpluralism
c. balance of power
d. bureaucratism - Answer b. hyperpluralism
Who is at the center of all theories of elitism?
Select one:
a. big business
b. Congress
c. ordinary citizens
d. interest groups - Answer a. big business
In Federalist 10, who wrote, "The most common and durable source of factions has been the
various and unequal distribution of property"?
Select one:
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Jay
d. James Madison - Answer d. James Madison
, Select one:
a. the consent of the governed
b. the right to revolt
c. government itself
d. the laws of Nature and Nature's God - Answer a. the consent of the governed
The Articles of Confederation required __________ consent from the states for ratification.
Select one:
a. majority
b. three-fifths
c. two-thirds
d. unanimous - Answer d. unanimous
The meaning of the Constitution can change through __________.
Select one:
a. judicial interpretation
b. presidential decree
c. congressional inaction
d. natural law - Answer a. judicial interpretation
What did the Connecticut Compromise help to establish?
Select one:
a. the Senate and the House of Representatives
b. the federalist system
c. an independent judiciary
d. universal male suffrage - Answer a. the Senate and the House of Representatives
What is the name given to the rights that are inherent in all human beings and not dependent
on government?
Select one:
a. inherent rights
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are examples of which
of the following?
Select one:
a. interest groups
b. red tape
c. public policies
d. public opinion - Answer c. public policies
Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democratic theory?
Select one:
a. inclusion
b. effective participation
c. enlightened understanding
d. equality in voting - Answer c. enlightened understanding
The U.S. preference for __________ economic policies helps to explain why we have a smaller
and more limited government than do most other advanced industrialized countries.
Select one:
a. laissez-faire
b. populist
c. pluralist
d. egalitarian - Answer a. laissez-faire
The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political __________.
Select one:
a. ideals
b. participation
,Select one:
a. a location to express a political opinion
b. the formation of a special interest group
c. an environment where one learns about the political process
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda - Answer
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda
What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a
majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart the will of the others?
Select one:
a. divided government
b. hyperpluralism
c. policy gridlock
d. separation of powers - Answer c. policy gridlock
What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders
pursue?
Select one:
a. the media
b. public opinion
c. politics
d. public policy - Answer c. politics
What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and expenditures?
Select one:
a. budgetary choice
b. regulation
c. court decision
d. presidential action - Answer a. budgetary choice
What makes up the government's policy agenda?
Select one:
,d. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups - Answer b. the issues that attract the
serious attention of public officials and other political actors
What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
Select one:
a. adequate and equal resources for expressing preferences
b. freedom of speech and of the press
c. one person, one vote
d. universal citizenship - Answer c. one person, one vote
Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become sovereign, and the
government is merely their servant?
Select one:
a. pluralism
b. hyperpluralism
c. balance of power
d. bureaucratism - Answer b. hyperpluralism
Who is at the center of all theories of elitism?
Select one:
a. big business
b. Congress
c. ordinary citizens
d. interest groups - Answer a. big business
In Federalist 10, who wrote, "The most common and durable source of factions has been the
various and unequal distribution of property"?
Select one:
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Jay
d. James Madison - Answer d. James Madison
, Select one:
a. the consent of the governed
b. the right to revolt
c. government itself
d. the laws of Nature and Nature's God - Answer a. the consent of the governed
The Articles of Confederation required __________ consent from the states for ratification.
Select one:
a. majority
b. three-fifths
c. two-thirds
d. unanimous - Answer d. unanimous
The meaning of the Constitution can change through __________.
Select one:
a. judicial interpretation
b. presidential decree
c. congressional inaction
d. natural law - Answer a. judicial interpretation
What did the Connecticut Compromise help to establish?
Select one:
a. the Senate and the House of Representatives
b. the federalist system
c. an independent judiciary
d. universal male suffrage - Answer a. the Senate and the House of Representatives
What is the name given to the rights that are inherent in all human beings and not dependent
on government?
Select one:
a. inherent rights
