University Of Alabama Nur 529 Exam 3 Newest 2025 Test Bank Complete 400 Questions And Correct
Answers |Already Graded A+
What initiates the cycle of increased blood glucose and insulin resistance in diabetes management? -
ANSWER-The cycle begins when the increase in blood glucose and insulin resistance is treated with
larger insulin doses.
Which phenomenon is less common in diabetes management, the Somogyi phenomenon or the dawn
phenomenon? - ANSWER-The Somogyi phenomenon is less common than the dawn phenomenon.
What are advanced glycation end products (AGEs) related to in diabetes mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-The
production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is related to the hemoglobin A1c measure.
How do AGEs induce vascular damage in diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-AGEs induce vascular damage by
stimulating an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
What effect do reactive oxygen species (ROS) have on endothelial cells? - ANSWER-ROS damage
endothelial cells by decreasing the production of the vascular endothelial relaxing factor NO, leading to
endothelial dysfunction.
What additional factors may compound endothelial damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-
Increased oxidative stress, chronic systemic inflammation, and dyslipidemia associated with metabolic
syndrome.
What are some types of microvascular complications that can occur in diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-
Neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and disorders of gastrointestinal motility.
What is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the United States? - ANSWER-Diabetes mellitus.
What chronic condition is diabetes a leading cause of in the United States? - ANSWER-Chronic kidney
disease.
,What are the acute complications of diabetes? - ANSWER-DKA, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and
hypoglycemia in people with insulin-treated diabetes.
What body systems are affected by the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-
Almost every body system.
What are the chronic complications of diabetes related to? - ANSWER-The microvascular system and the
macrovascular system.
Which microvascular complications are associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-Complications in the retina,
kidneys, and peripheral nervous system.
Which macrovascular complications are associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-Complications in coronary,
cerebrovascular, and peripheral arteries.
What contributes to diabetic foot ulcers? - ANSWER-Microvascular and macrovascular dysfunctions.
Why is infection a significant concern in diabetes? - ANSWER-Due to alterations in the healing process
associated with the physiologic changes in diabetes.
What role does chronic hyperglycemia play in diabetes? - ANSWER-It plays a key role in complications.
What should people with diabetes receive to minimize complications? - ANSWER-Significant education
and support to learn to control blood sugar.
What is often the first sign of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A lump on a testicle.
In which testicle does testicular cancer most often occur? - ANSWER-Most often in only one testicle.
What symptoms should prompt investigation for testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Pain, swelling, or a lump in
the testicles or groin area.
,What sensation might indicate testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A sensation of dragging or heaviness in the
scrotum.
What are signs of metastatic spread of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Swelling of the lower extremities,
back pain, neck mass, cough, hemoptysis, or dizziness.
What is required for the diagnosis of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A thorough urologic history and
physical examination.
What should be treated as potentially cancerous until proven otherwise? - ANSWER-A painless testicular
mass.
What conditions can produce an intrascrotal mass similar to testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Epididymitis,
orchitis, hydrocele, or hematocele.
What examination techniques are used for assessing testicular masses? - ANSWER-Palpation of the
testes, transillumination of the scrotum, and abdominal palpation.
What imaging test is frequently one of the first ordered for testicular masses? - ANSWER-Testicular
ultrasound (US).
What does a hypoechoic mass with vascular flow suggest? - ANSWER-It is highly suggestive of
malignancy.
What should be done if ultrasound results are concerning for testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Referral to a
urologist for further testing and management.
Why should a biopsy of the testicular lesion not be performed? - ANSWER-Diagnosis can almost always
be made by ultrasound, and a biopsy may alter lymphatic drainage.
What imaging tests are used to assess metastatic spread of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-CT scans with
intravenous contrast dye, chest radiographs, and MRI scans.
, What should a physical examination for prostatitis include? - ANSWER-An abdominal examination, a
genital examination, and a digital rectal examination.
Why should a digital rectal examination be performed gently? - ANSWER-Vigorous prostatic massage can
induce bacteremia and subsequently sepsis.
What might cloudy and malodorous urine indicate? - ANSWER-A urinary tract infection.
What does a rectal examination reveal in cases of prostatitis? - ANSWER-A firm, edematous, tender
prostate.
What is produced during prostatic massage in prostatitis? - ANSWER-A thick discharge with white blood
cells that grows large numbers of pathogens on culture.
Why is a thorough urologic examination performed after treatment of acute prostatitis? - ANSWER-
Because acute prostatitis is often associated with anatomic abnormalities.
What should be measured if there is concern for obstructed voiding? - ANSWER-Postvoid residual urine
volumes using ultrasound.
When should blood cultures be obtained in suspected severe sepsis? - ANSWER-If severe sepsis is
suspected or if Staphylococcus aureus is found in the urine culture.
What is the anatomic location of the prostate? - ANSWER-The prostate is located at the bladder neck.
What are the two prostatic components contributing to BPH obstructive properties? - ANSWER-Dynamic
and static components.
What does the static component of BPH relate to? - ANSWER-An increase in prostatic size.
What symptoms are associated with the static component of BPH? - ANSWER-Weak urinary stream,
postvoid dribbling, frequency of urination, and nocturia.
Answers |Already Graded A+
What initiates the cycle of increased blood glucose and insulin resistance in diabetes management? -
ANSWER-The cycle begins when the increase in blood glucose and insulin resistance is treated with
larger insulin doses.
Which phenomenon is less common in diabetes management, the Somogyi phenomenon or the dawn
phenomenon? - ANSWER-The Somogyi phenomenon is less common than the dawn phenomenon.
What are advanced glycation end products (AGEs) related to in diabetes mellitus (DM)? - ANSWER-The
production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is related to the hemoglobin A1c measure.
How do AGEs induce vascular damage in diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-AGEs induce vascular damage by
stimulating an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
What effect do reactive oxygen species (ROS) have on endothelial cells? - ANSWER-ROS damage
endothelial cells by decreasing the production of the vascular endothelial relaxing factor NO, leading to
endothelial dysfunction.
What additional factors may compound endothelial damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-
Increased oxidative stress, chronic systemic inflammation, and dyslipidemia associated with metabolic
syndrome.
What are some types of microvascular complications that can occur in diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER-
Neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and disorders of gastrointestinal motility.
What is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the United States? - ANSWER-Diabetes mellitus.
What chronic condition is diabetes a leading cause of in the United States? - ANSWER-Chronic kidney
disease.
,What are the acute complications of diabetes? - ANSWER-DKA, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and
hypoglycemia in people with insulin-treated diabetes.
What body systems are affected by the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-
Almost every body system.
What are the chronic complications of diabetes related to? - ANSWER-The microvascular system and the
macrovascular system.
Which microvascular complications are associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-Complications in the retina,
kidneys, and peripheral nervous system.
Which macrovascular complications are associated with diabetes? - ANSWER-Complications in coronary,
cerebrovascular, and peripheral arteries.
What contributes to diabetic foot ulcers? - ANSWER-Microvascular and macrovascular dysfunctions.
Why is infection a significant concern in diabetes? - ANSWER-Due to alterations in the healing process
associated with the physiologic changes in diabetes.
What role does chronic hyperglycemia play in diabetes? - ANSWER-It plays a key role in complications.
What should people with diabetes receive to minimize complications? - ANSWER-Significant education
and support to learn to control blood sugar.
What is often the first sign of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A lump on a testicle.
In which testicle does testicular cancer most often occur? - ANSWER-Most often in only one testicle.
What symptoms should prompt investigation for testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Pain, swelling, or a lump in
the testicles or groin area.
,What sensation might indicate testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A sensation of dragging or heaviness in the
scrotum.
What are signs of metastatic spread of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Swelling of the lower extremities,
back pain, neck mass, cough, hemoptysis, or dizziness.
What is required for the diagnosis of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-A thorough urologic history and
physical examination.
What should be treated as potentially cancerous until proven otherwise? - ANSWER-A painless testicular
mass.
What conditions can produce an intrascrotal mass similar to testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Epididymitis,
orchitis, hydrocele, or hematocele.
What examination techniques are used for assessing testicular masses? - ANSWER-Palpation of the
testes, transillumination of the scrotum, and abdominal palpation.
What imaging test is frequently one of the first ordered for testicular masses? - ANSWER-Testicular
ultrasound (US).
What does a hypoechoic mass with vascular flow suggest? - ANSWER-It is highly suggestive of
malignancy.
What should be done if ultrasound results are concerning for testicular cancer? - ANSWER-Referral to a
urologist for further testing and management.
Why should a biopsy of the testicular lesion not be performed? - ANSWER-Diagnosis can almost always
be made by ultrasound, and a biopsy may alter lymphatic drainage.
What imaging tests are used to assess metastatic spread of testicular cancer? - ANSWER-CT scans with
intravenous contrast dye, chest radiographs, and MRI scans.
, What should a physical examination for prostatitis include? - ANSWER-An abdominal examination, a
genital examination, and a digital rectal examination.
Why should a digital rectal examination be performed gently? - ANSWER-Vigorous prostatic massage can
induce bacteremia and subsequently sepsis.
What might cloudy and malodorous urine indicate? - ANSWER-A urinary tract infection.
What does a rectal examination reveal in cases of prostatitis? - ANSWER-A firm, edematous, tender
prostate.
What is produced during prostatic massage in prostatitis? - ANSWER-A thick discharge with white blood
cells that grows large numbers of pathogens on culture.
Why is a thorough urologic examination performed after treatment of acute prostatitis? - ANSWER-
Because acute prostatitis is often associated with anatomic abnormalities.
What should be measured if there is concern for obstructed voiding? - ANSWER-Postvoid residual urine
volumes using ultrasound.
When should blood cultures be obtained in suspected severe sepsis? - ANSWER-If severe sepsis is
suspected or if Staphylococcus aureus is found in the urine culture.
What is the anatomic location of the prostate? - ANSWER-The prostate is located at the bladder neck.
What are the two prostatic components contributing to BPH obstructive properties? - ANSWER-Dynamic
and static components.
What does the static component of BPH relate to? - ANSWER-An increase in prostatic size.
What symptoms are associated with the static component of BPH? - ANSWER-Weak urinary stream,
postvoid dribbling, frequency of urination, and nocturia.
