VTNE Exam NEWEST 2025 EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
What does the presence of petechiae and ecchymoses indicate in a patient?
1. Anemia
2. Coagulation disorder
3. Dehydration
4. Hypertension - ANSWER-Coagulation disorder
Petechiae, or pinpoint bruising of the tissue surfaces, and ecchymoses, or wide bruised areas on the
tissue surfaces, indicate dysfunction of coagulation mechanisms. Anemia can result from bleeding
disorders, although not always present with the two signs. Dehydration is related to fluid balance and is
unrelated to petechiae and ecchymoses. Hypertension is an elevation of the blood pressure, which is
also unrelated.
Which of the following describes a patient suffering from mastitis?
1. Hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis.
2. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures.
3. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced.
4. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia. - ANSWER-
Hard, painful nipple and galactostasis
Mastitis results in hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis (loss of milk production). Eclampsia is a
condition of hypocalcemia arising from lactation, resulting in muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and
seizures. Hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young is a form of dystocia. Vaginal discharge,
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia are all signs of pyometra.
Which of the following is least likely to be available for at-home induction of emesis?
1. Apomorphine
2. Syrup of ipecac
3. Hydrogen peroxide
4. Salt - ANSWER-Apomorphine
,Apomorphine is a medical drug that is not found outside a veterinary clinic. Syrup of ipecac, hydrogen
peroxide, and salt are all readily available in any grocery store.
Polyuria and polydipsia are not commonly seen in what endocrine disorder?
1. Hyperadrenocorticism
2. Diabetes insipidus
3. Hyperparathyroidism
4. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
Many animals will show no clinical signs of primary hyperparathyroidism; it is usually diagnosed on a
routine serum chemistry examination. Therefore, polydipsia/polyuria (PU/PD) is not commonly seen in
hyperparathyroidism. In hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes insipidus, and diabetes mellitus, PU/PD is a
common clinical sign.
The prefix atel- refers to which of the following?
1. Injury
2. Intestines
3. Incomplete
4. Inward - ANSWER-Incomplete
The prefix atel- refers to being incomplete. The prefix noci- refers to injury. The prefix enter- refers to
intestines. The prefixes em- and en- refer to inward.
Which of these tubes must never be placed on a blood rocker after being filled with blood?
.
1. Blue top
2. Green top
3. Purple top
4. Red top - ANSWER-Red top
,Red top tubes should be left in a rack to clot; they should not be rocked to prevent coagulation. Blue,
green, and purple top tubes all contain an anticoagulant and therefore should be rocked gently in the
rocker until they can be read.
A patient is to be prepared for a femoral head ostectomy. What part of the body is prepped?
1. Top of the head
2. Hip
3. Shoulder
4. Lumbar spine - ANSWER-Hip
A femoral head ostectomy is the removal of the proximal end of the femur, which is located in the hip.
The head, shoulder, and spine are insignificant.
Looking under a microscope at a blood smear, you see erythrocytes that are elliptical, not nucleated, and
lacking central pallor. From which species was this sample most likely collected?
1. Bird
2. Horse
3. Llama
4. Snake - ANSWER-llama
In the llama, the predominant cell type is the erythrocyte. Hemoglobin pigment may appear evenly
disbursed throughout the cell or concentrated at each end of the oval, lacking a central pallor. Bird and
reptile erythrocytes are usually oval in shape and are nucleated. Horse erythrocytes are round and
anucleated. Only red blood cells of llamas are ovoid and devoid of a nucleus.
Gastric dilatation/volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening emergency. Which of the following veins becomes
obstructed as a result of GDV?
1. Femoral vein
, 2. Gastroduodenal vein
3. Portal vein
4. Renal vein - ANSWER-Portal vein
When the stomach distends, it puts pressure on the caudal vena cava, portal vein, and splenic veins. This
causes a decrease in blood flow to the caudal vena cava, which in turn causes a decrease in venous
return to the heart. Cardiac output decreases as does the blood pressure. A GDV does not cause
obstruction of the femoral vein, gastroduodenal vein, or renal vein.
Which of the listed diseases best fits the statement that follows? It is most commonly transmitted by
aerosol exposure, but it can also be spread by direct contact with conjunctival and nasal exudates, urine,
feces, skin, and sometimes fomites. The incubation period is generally 7 to 10 days in the ferret. The
disease spreads by viremia after it is in the body, and it is almost always fatal.
1. Canine distemper virus
2. Influenza B
3. Pneumocystis carinii
4. Cryptococcosis - ANSWER-Canine distemper virus
Canine distemper virus is most commonly transmitted by aerosol exposure, but can also be spread by
direct contact with conjunctival and nasal exudates, urine, feces, skin, and sometimes fomites. The
incubation period is generally 7 to 10 days in the ferret. The disease spreads by viremia after it is in the
body and it is almost always fatal. Influenza B has a low pathogenicity and is primarily passed via aerosol
droplets. It is not necessarily fatal. Pneumocystis carinii is pneumonia caused by a yeastlike organism.
Cryptococcosis is caused by a fungus and can be fatal.
Which of the following is a local block used for onychectomy procedures?
1. Leg block
2. Brachial plexus block
3. Circumferential ring block
4. Foot block - ANSWER-Circumferential ring block
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
What does the presence of petechiae and ecchymoses indicate in a patient?
1. Anemia
2. Coagulation disorder
3. Dehydration
4. Hypertension - ANSWER-Coagulation disorder
Petechiae, or pinpoint bruising of the tissue surfaces, and ecchymoses, or wide bruised areas on the
tissue surfaces, indicate dysfunction of coagulation mechanisms. Anemia can result from bleeding
disorders, although not always present with the two signs. Dehydration is related to fluid balance and is
unrelated to petechiae and ecchymoses. Hypertension is an elevation of the blood pressure, which is
also unrelated.
Which of the following describes a patient suffering from mastitis?
1. Hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis.
2. Hypocalcemia, muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and seizures.
3. In hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young produced.
4. Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia. - ANSWER-
Hard, painful nipple and galactostasis
Mastitis results in hard, painful nipple, and galactostasis (loss of milk production). Eclampsia is a
condition of hypocalcemia arising from lactation, resulting in muscle spasms, fever, tachycardia, and
seizures. Hard labor for 30 to 60 minutes with no new young is a form of dystocia. Vaginal discharge,
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia are all signs of pyometra.
Which of the following is least likely to be available for at-home induction of emesis?
1. Apomorphine
2. Syrup of ipecac
3. Hydrogen peroxide
4. Salt - ANSWER-Apomorphine
,Apomorphine is a medical drug that is not found outside a veterinary clinic. Syrup of ipecac, hydrogen
peroxide, and salt are all readily available in any grocery store.
Polyuria and polydipsia are not commonly seen in what endocrine disorder?
1. Hyperadrenocorticism
2. Diabetes insipidus
3. Hyperparathyroidism
4. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER-Hyperparathyroidism
Many animals will show no clinical signs of primary hyperparathyroidism; it is usually diagnosed on a
routine serum chemistry examination. Therefore, polydipsia/polyuria (PU/PD) is not commonly seen in
hyperparathyroidism. In hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes insipidus, and diabetes mellitus, PU/PD is a
common clinical sign.
The prefix atel- refers to which of the following?
1. Injury
2. Intestines
3. Incomplete
4. Inward - ANSWER-Incomplete
The prefix atel- refers to being incomplete. The prefix noci- refers to injury. The prefix enter- refers to
intestines. The prefixes em- and en- refer to inward.
Which of these tubes must never be placed on a blood rocker after being filled with blood?
.
1. Blue top
2. Green top
3. Purple top
4. Red top - ANSWER-Red top
,Red top tubes should be left in a rack to clot; they should not be rocked to prevent coagulation. Blue,
green, and purple top tubes all contain an anticoagulant and therefore should be rocked gently in the
rocker until they can be read.
A patient is to be prepared for a femoral head ostectomy. What part of the body is prepped?
1. Top of the head
2. Hip
3. Shoulder
4. Lumbar spine - ANSWER-Hip
A femoral head ostectomy is the removal of the proximal end of the femur, which is located in the hip.
The head, shoulder, and spine are insignificant.
Looking under a microscope at a blood smear, you see erythrocytes that are elliptical, not nucleated, and
lacking central pallor. From which species was this sample most likely collected?
1. Bird
2. Horse
3. Llama
4. Snake - ANSWER-llama
In the llama, the predominant cell type is the erythrocyte. Hemoglobin pigment may appear evenly
disbursed throughout the cell or concentrated at each end of the oval, lacking a central pallor. Bird and
reptile erythrocytes are usually oval in shape and are nucleated. Horse erythrocytes are round and
anucleated. Only red blood cells of llamas are ovoid and devoid of a nucleus.
Gastric dilatation/volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening emergency. Which of the following veins becomes
obstructed as a result of GDV?
1. Femoral vein
, 2. Gastroduodenal vein
3. Portal vein
4. Renal vein - ANSWER-Portal vein
When the stomach distends, it puts pressure on the caudal vena cava, portal vein, and splenic veins. This
causes a decrease in blood flow to the caudal vena cava, which in turn causes a decrease in venous
return to the heart. Cardiac output decreases as does the blood pressure. A GDV does not cause
obstruction of the femoral vein, gastroduodenal vein, or renal vein.
Which of the listed diseases best fits the statement that follows? It is most commonly transmitted by
aerosol exposure, but it can also be spread by direct contact with conjunctival and nasal exudates, urine,
feces, skin, and sometimes fomites. The incubation period is generally 7 to 10 days in the ferret. The
disease spreads by viremia after it is in the body, and it is almost always fatal.
1. Canine distemper virus
2. Influenza B
3. Pneumocystis carinii
4. Cryptococcosis - ANSWER-Canine distemper virus
Canine distemper virus is most commonly transmitted by aerosol exposure, but can also be spread by
direct contact with conjunctival and nasal exudates, urine, feces, skin, and sometimes fomites. The
incubation period is generally 7 to 10 days in the ferret. The disease spreads by viremia after it is in the
body and it is almost always fatal. Influenza B has a low pathogenicity and is primarily passed via aerosol
droplets. It is not necessarily fatal. Pneumocystis carinii is pneumonia caused by a yeastlike organism.
Cryptococcosis is caused by a fungus and can be fatal.
Which of the following is a local block used for onychectomy procedures?
1. Leg block
2. Brachial plexus block
3. Circumferential ring block
4. Foot block - ANSWER-Circumferential ring block
