Acute & Chronic Heart Failure Guide | Symptoms, Treatment & Management

Acute and Chronic HF


3 Factors that can trigger ADHF Excessive rise in BP
Toxic Substances
COPD and Pneumonia


4 Pillars of HF - ACE/ ARB/ ARNI
- Beta Blocker
- MRA
- SGLT2


ACC Classification Looks at structural heart disease and symptoms


ACC: Stage A At high risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symp


ACC: Stage B Structural heart disease but without signs or symptoms of HF


ACC: Stage C Structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF


ACC: Stage D Refractory HF requiring specialized interventions

, Acute and Chronic HF

ADHF Class I: Warm and Dry


ADHF Class II: Warm and Wet


ADHF Class III: Cold and Dry


ADHF Class IV: Cold and Wet


ADR of Congestion PND (Paraoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
Orthopnea, Edema
JVD (Jugular Venous Distension)
Rales
Effusions


ADR of Hypoperfusion Cold hands
Low BP
Low pulse pr
Tachycardia
Confusion
Agitation

, Acute and Chronic HF

Aldos Antags used in ADHF Metolazone adn Spironolactone


Aldosterone Antagonists used in HF Spironolactone and Eplerenone


Alpha-1 Stimulation effects Vasoconstriction and increase in afterload → makes it harder f
pump and overtime the muscle hypertrophies and remodels


ARB's most likely to be used in HF Candesartan
Losartan
Vasartan


BB used in HF Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol succinate


BNP or NT BNP Shows Ventricle Stretch
- BNP >100 pg/mL
- NT-pro BNP > 300 pg/mL