HESI – FUNDAMENTALS
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025-2026
normal WBC count CORRECT ANSWER 4,000-10,000
normal Creatinine - adult CORRECT ANSWER 0.7-1.3 mg/dL
normal hemoglobin CORRECT ANSWER Male: 14-18
Female: 12-16
normal sodium levels - adult CORRECT ANSWER 135-145
correct deep breathing technique CORRECT ANSWER inhale deeply through nose and
exhale through mouth (without pursed lips)
The client is transferred to a stretcher and taken to the operating room. The nurse assists the
client off the stretcher and onto the OR table. After general anesthesia is induced, the nurse
positions the client for surgery. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority at this time?
1. ineffective protection
2. ineffective tissue perfusion
3. risk for perioperative-positioning injury
4. risk for imbalanced body temperature CORRECT ANSWER risk for perioperative-
positioning injury
*During surgery the client may remain in one position for a prolonged period. The nurse
must ensure that the client is protected from injury secondary to inappropriate positioning.
what is a time out designed for in surgery before the surgery begins? CORRECT ANSWER A
time out, the designated method for final verification before surgery begins, is a component
,of The Joint Commission's universal protocol to prevent wrong site, wrong procedure, wrong
person surgery
what should the nurse do following surgery in the PACU? CORRECT ANSWER position the
client on their side.
during the immediate postanesthesia period, the unconscious client should be positioned on
the side to maintain an open airway and promote drainage of secretions
What action should the nurse take to assess for atelectasis?
1. auscultate the client's breath sounds
2. observe the appearance of the sputum
3. determine the clients temperature
4. measure the client's BP CORRECT ANSWER auscultate the clients breath sounds
*Atelectasis is a condition in which the alveoli collapse. Dull or absent breath sounds, along
with changes in breathing patterns, are expected findings when atelectasis occurs.
While cleansing the incision, the nurse observes that the staples are intact, but a 2-cm gap
has opened at the bottom of the incision. How should the nurse document this finding?
1. bottom edges of incision approximated
2. small area of dehiscence at bottom of incision
3. evisceration of incision noted at bottom edge
4. wound healing via secondary intention CORRECT ANSWER small area of dehiscence at
bottom of incision
*An unintentional opening in a surgical wound prior to healing is referred to as dehiscence.
nocturia CORRECT ANSWER voiding frequently at night
dysuria CORRECT ANSWER painful urination
, frequency CORRECT ANSWER This refers to voiding at more frequent intervals than normal,
but it does not specifically refer to voiding more often at night.
diuresis CORRECT ANSWER This refers to increased urination as would occur when a client
is taking diuretic medications, but it does not specifically refer to increased voiding during
the night.
if the client voids spontaneously without recognizing the need to void, how should the nurse
document the client's current urinary pattern? CORRECT ANSWER incontinent
what is important to assess in male external catheters? CORRECT ANSWER skin breakdown
often occurs with external catheters
What is the first step of inserting a urinary catheter? CORRECT ANSWER wash the perineal
area with soap and water
The student obtains a 16 French Foley catheter from the supply room. The student nurse
explains the procedure to the client, who gives permission to begin. After cleansing the
urinary meatus, the student nurse maintains sterile technique while inserting the catheter
into the urethra about 4 inches. While inflating the balloon, the client cries out in obvious
pain.What action should the student nurse take?
A. reassure the client that the pain is only temporary
B. tape the catheter to the client's abdomen to prevent further movement of the foley
C. remove the catheter from the urethra immediately
D. deflate the balloon and insert the catheter further CORRECT ANSWER D. deflate the
balloon and insert the catheter further
The catheter has not been inserted far enough, and the pressure of the inflated balloon in
the urethra is painful. Since the student nurse has maintained aseptic technique, the balloon
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025-2026
normal WBC count CORRECT ANSWER 4,000-10,000
normal Creatinine - adult CORRECT ANSWER 0.7-1.3 mg/dL
normal hemoglobin CORRECT ANSWER Male: 14-18
Female: 12-16
normal sodium levels - adult CORRECT ANSWER 135-145
correct deep breathing technique CORRECT ANSWER inhale deeply through nose and
exhale through mouth (without pursed lips)
The client is transferred to a stretcher and taken to the operating room. The nurse assists the
client off the stretcher and onto the OR table. After general anesthesia is induced, the nurse
positions the client for surgery. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority at this time?
1. ineffective protection
2. ineffective tissue perfusion
3. risk for perioperative-positioning injury
4. risk for imbalanced body temperature CORRECT ANSWER risk for perioperative-
positioning injury
*During surgery the client may remain in one position for a prolonged period. The nurse
must ensure that the client is protected from injury secondary to inappropriate positioning.
what is a time out designed for in surgery before the surgery begins? CORRECT ANSWER A
time out, the designated method for final verification before surgery begins, is a component
,of The Joint Commission's universal protocol to prevent wrong site, wrong procedure, wrong
person surgery
what should the nurse do following surgery in the PACU? CORRECT ANSWER position the
client on their side.
during the immediate postanesthesia period, the unconscious client should be positioned on
the side to maintain an open airway and promote drainage of secretions
What action should the nurse take to assess for atelectasis?
1. auscultate the client's breath sounds
2. observe the appearance of the sputum
3. determine the clients temperature
4. measure the client's BP CORRECT ANSWER auscultate the clients breath sounds
*Atelectasis is a condition in which the alveoli collapse. Dull or absent breath sounds, along
with changes in breathing patterns, are expected findings when atelectasis occurs.
While cleansing the incision, the nurse observes that the staples are intact, but a 2-cm gap
has opened at the bottom of the incision. How should the nurse document this finding?
1. bottom edges of incision approximated
2. small area of dehiscence at bottom of incision
3. evisceration of incision noted at bottom edge
4. wound healing via secondary intention CORRECT ANSWER small area of dehiscence at
bottom of incision
*An unintentional opening in a surgical wound prior to healing is referred to as dehiscence.
nocturia CORRECT ANSWER voiding frequently at night
dysuria CORRECT ANSWER painful urination
, frequency CORRECT ANSWER This refers to voiding at more frequent intervals than normal,
but it does not specifically refer to voiding more often at night.
diuresis CORRECT ANSWER This refers to increased urination as would occur when a client
is taking diuretic medications, but it does not specifically refer to increased voiding during
the night.
if the client voids spontaneously without recognizing the need to void, how should the nurse
document the client's current urinary pattern? CORRECT ANSWER incontinent
what is important to assess in male external catheters? CORRECT ANSWER skin breakdown
often occurs with external catheters
What is the first step of inserting a urinary catheter? CORRECT ANSWER wash the perineal
area with soap and water
The student obtains a 16 French Foley catheter from the supply room. The student nurse
explains the procedure to the client, who gives permission to begin. After cleansing the
urinary meatus, the student nurse maintains sterile technique while inserting the catheter
into the urethra about 4 inches. While inflating the balloon, the client cries out in obvious
pain.What action should the student nurse take?
A. reassure the client that the pain is only temporary
B. tape the catheter to the client's abdomen to prevent further movement of the foley
C. remove the catheter from the urethra immediately
D. deflate the balloon and insert the catheter further CORRECT ANSWER D. deflate the
balloon and insert the catheter further
The catheter has not been inserted far enough, and the pressure of the inflated balloon in
the urethra is painful. Since the student nurse has maintained aseptic technique, the balloon
