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Samenvatting gedragsneurowetenschappen

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Samenvatting gebaseerd op de slides, met notities bijgevoegd

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Samenvatting Gedragsneurowetenschappen


Vooral focussen op info op slides, boek minder

Examen: mix tss meerkeuze en open vragen

Figuren en benamingen belangrijk

EXAMENVRAAG: hoe werkt een rustpotentiaal, …




1

,Inhoud
Videos met uitleg .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Hoofdstuk 1: Perifeer en centraal zenuwstelsel .............................................................................................. 11
Cellen, weefsels, organen ............................................................................................................................. 11
Delen van het zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................... 11
Verschillende doorsnedes en terminologie..................................................................................................... 12
Delen van het centrale zenuwstelsel (hersenen + ruggengraat) ........................................................................ 13
Telencephalon ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Witte materie ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Grijze materie ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Cerebrale cortex ................................................................................................................................. 16
De verschillende kwabben en hun rol .................................................................................................. 17
Bescherming ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Hersenvliezen .................................................................................................................................... 18
Ruggenmergvliezen ............................................................................................................................ 18
Hersendoorbloeding .................................................................................................................................. 18
Diepe structuren van het telencephalon: .................................................................................................... 19
sub-corticale structuren ........................................................................................................................ 19
Basale ganglia .................................................................................................................................... 20
Diencephalon ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Thalamus .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Hypothalamus .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Hersenstam .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Hersenstam: a. mesencephalon ................................................................................................................ 21
Hersenstam: b. pons ................................................................................................................................. 21
Hersenstam: c. Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)................................................................................. 21
Cerebellum................................................................................................................................................... 22
Ruggenwervel ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Ruggenmerg (medulla spinalis) ...................................................................................................................... 25
Perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 26
Somatisch................................................................................................................................................. 26
Autonoom ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Sympatisch ZS ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Parasympatisch ZS................................................................................................................................. 27
Enterisch ZS .......................................................................................................................................... 27

2

,Hoofdstuk 2: zenuwcellen (neuronen) en steuncellen (gliacellen) ................................................................. 28
Cellen & celorganellen .................................................................................................................................. 28
Celkern of nucleus .................................................................................................................................... 30
Cytoskelet ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Ribosoom ................................................................................................................................................. 31
E.R. = endoplasmatisch reticulum.............................................................................................................. 31
Golgi-apparaat .......................................................................................................................................... 31
Lysosomen en peroxysomen ...................................................................................................................... 32
Lysosomen ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Peroxisomen .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Mitochondrium.......................................................................................................................................... 32
Macromoleculen en enzymen .................................................................................................................... 32
Eiwitsynthese ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Celkern ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Op het ruw E.R.: ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Endo- en exocytose ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Celmembraan en membraaneiwitten ............................................................................................................. 36
Celmembraan ........................................................................................................................................... 37
Membraaneiwitten .................................................................................................................................... 37
Ionenkanalen: mechanismen voor gating ................................................................................................ 38
Voorbeeld: motorneuron ........................................................................................................................ 38
Cellulaire differentiatie van zenuwcellen: ....................................................................................................... 39
Volgens functie.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Volgens morfologie: verschillende categorieën ........................................................................................... 39
- Unipolaire neuronen ...................................................................................................................... 39
- Pseudo-unipolaire neuronen ......................................................................................................... 39
- Bipolaire neuronen ........................................................................................................................ 39
- Multipolaire neuronen ................................................................................................................... 39
De synaps ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
- Elektrische synaps ............................................................................................................................. 39
- Chemische synaps ............................................................................................................................. 39
Axonaal transport.......................................................................................................................................... 40
Steuncellen (of gliacellen) ............................................................................................................................. 40
Macroglia .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Microglia ................................................................................................................................................... 40

3

, Ependymale cellen .................................................................................................................................... 40
Hoofdstuk 3: Neurale signalen ........................................................................................................................ 41
Warming-up: elektrische signalen .................................................................................................................. 41
Wet van Ohm:............................................................................................................................................ 41
Elektrofysiologie ........................................................................................................................................... 41
In vivo en in vitro ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Rust- en actiepotentialen .............................................................................................................................. 42
Rustpotentiaal........................................................................................................................................... 42
2 krachten die stromen bepalen.............................................................................................................. 43
Onderhoud/herstel rustpotentiaal Natrium-kalium pomp ........................................................................ 44
Depolararisatie en hyperpolarisatie ........................................................................................................ 44
Actiepotentiaal .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Afbraak actiepotentiaal/repolarisatie ...................................................................................................... 46
Lichte hyperpolarisatie ........................................................................................................................... 46
Absolute refractaire periode ................................................................................................................... 46
Relatieve refractaire periode ................................................................................................................... 46
Sommatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
Neuronenschakeling ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Convergent en divergent ............................................................................................................................ 47
Inhiberende neuronenschakelingen ........................................................................................................... 47
Membraangeleiding van de actiepotentiaal .................................................................................................... 47
Voortbeweging actiepotentiaal ................................................................................................................... 48
Hoe informatie doorgeven aan volgende cel? ................................................................................................. 48
Uitzondering: Rechtstreekse elektrische geleiding ...................................................................................... 48
Hoofdstuk 3: neurale signalen, deel 2 ................................................................................................................ 49
Vrijstelling van neurotransmitters, Chemische synaps .................................................................................... 49
Ionotrope en metabotrope receptoren ........................................................................................................... 49
Ionotrope receptoren ................................................................................................................................. 50
Metabotrope receptoren ............................................................................................................................ 50
Exciterende en inhiberende neurotransmissie ................................................................................................ 50
Glutamaterge neurotransmissie ................................................................................................................. 50
GABA: Inhiberende neurotransmissie ......................................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 5: Synapsen, neurotransmitters en psychofarmaca ...................................................................... 53
Electrische synapsen .................................................................................................................................... 53
Chemische synapsen .................................................................................................................................... 53

4
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