NSG222 exam #6 (units 13 & 14) Questions and Answers
1. assessment find- - fatigue / low energy level
ings of cancer in - adventitious breath sounds (pneumonia)
pediatric patient - enlarged lymph nodes (firm, non-tender)
2. treatment for pe- - clinical trials
diatric cancer*** - chemotherapy
- radiation therapy
- hematopoietic stem cells
- surgery
- medications
3. diagnostic tests - bone marrow aspiration (leukemia & metastasis)***
for cancer - bone scan (metastasis to bone)
- CBC (anemia, immunosuppression, infection)
- lumbar puncture (metastasis to brain or spinal cord)
- MRI (extent of metastasis)
4. causes for ane- - decreased red blood cells production
mia - decreased hemoglobin production (causes decreased oxygen)
- nutritional deficits***
5. How does the - tachycardia
body compen- - vasoconstriction
sate for low he-
moglobin?
6. iron deficiency - most common type of anemia
anemia - caused by decreased iron or hemorrhage
- early signs: fatigue
- later signs: lethargy, ridged or "spoon" fingernails (koilonychia)
- treated with iron-fortified foods, iron replacement
7.
, NSG222 exam #6 (units 13 & 14) Questions and Answers
folic acid defi- - caused by lack of folic acid
ciency anemia - treated with folic acid replacement, leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits
8. pernicious ane- - caused by lack of intrinsic factor
mia - treated with vitamin B12 injections
9. aplastic anemia - failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
- causes pancytopenia
10. pancytopenia deficiency of all types of blood cells (red, white, platelets)
11. sickle cell disease - genetic disorder mostly affecting African Americans
- sickle-shaped red blood cells that can become stuck in vessels
12. nursing care for - prevent vaso-occlusive crisis
sickle cell disease - manage pain***
- prevent infection***
13. B-thalassemia - autosomal genetic disorder
- red blood cells become rigid and hemolyze (burst)
- causes excessive iron levels
- symptoms: frontal bossing, maxillary prominence, altered cardiac function
14. nursing care for - monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit
B-thalassemia - transfuse PRBCs at regular intervals
- monitor iron levels
- iron chelation therapy (removes excess iron)
15. idiopathic throm- - excessive destruction of platelets due to antibody formation
bocytopenia pur- - occurs after viral infection
pura (ITP) - symptoms: low platelet count***, petechiae, purpura, excessive bruising
16. - overproduction of blood clots which causes bleeding throughout body
- very poor prognosis due to diflculty controlling bleeding
1. assessment find- - fatigue / low energy level
ings of cancer in - adventitious breath sounds (pneumonia)
pediatric patient - enlarged lymph nodes (firm, non-tender)
2. treatment for pe- - clinical trials
diatric cancer*** - chemotherapy
- radiation therapy
- hematopoietic stem cells
- surgery
- medications
3. diagnostic tests - bone marrow aspiration (leukemia & metastasis)***
for cancer - bone scan (metastasis to bone)
- CBC (anemia, immunosuppression, infection)
- lumbar puncture (metastasis to brain or spinal cord)
- MRI (extent of metastasis)
4. causes for ane- - decreased red blood cells production
mia - decreased hemoglobin production (causes decreased oxygen)
- nutritional deficits***
5. How does the - tachycardia
body compen- - vasoconstriction
sate for low he-
moglobin?
6. iron deficiency - most common type of anemia
anemia - caused by decreased iron or hemorrhage
- early signs: fatigue
- later signs: lethargy, ridged or "spoon" fingernails (koilonychia)
- treated with iron-fortified foods, iron replacement
7.
, NSG222 exam #6 (units 13 & 14) Questions and Answers
folic acid defi- - caused by lack of folic acid
ciency anemia - treated with folic acid replacement, leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits
8. pernicious ane- - caused by lack of intrinsic factor
mia - treated with vitamin B12 injections
9. aplastic anemia - failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
- causes pancytopenia
10. pancytopenia deficiency of all types of blood cells (red, white, platelets)
11. sickle cell disease - genetic disorder mostly affecting African Americans
- sickle-shaped red blood cells that can become stuck in vessels
12. nursing care for - prevent vaso-occlusive crisis
sickle cell disease - manage pain***
- prevent infection***
13. B-thalassemia - autosomal genetic disorder
- red blood cells become rigid and hemolyze (burst)
- causes excessive iron levels
- symptoms: frontal bossing, maxillary prominence, altered cardiac function
14. nursing care for - monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit
B-thalassemia - transfuse PRBCs at regular intervals
- monitor iron levels
- iron chelation therapy (removes excess iron)
15. idiopathic throm- - excessive destruction of platelets due to antibody formation
bocytopenia pur- - occurs after viral infection
pura (ITP) - symptoms: low platelet count***, petechiae, purpura, excessive bruising
16. - overproduction of blood clots which causes bleeding throughout body
- very poor prognosis due to diflculty controlling bleeding
