NSG223 exam #4 (units 11-13) Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (85)
- inflammation of the meninges
- septic: caused by bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae),
meningitis
more severe**
- aseptic: caused by virus secondary to cancer or weak immune system, less severe
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
3 layers of meninges
- pia mater
(superficial to deep)
- kissing
- sharing utensils
How is bacterial meningitis transmitted? - coughing
- sneezing
- respiratory droplets in throat or nasal passageways
- throbbing steady headache
- fever
- stiff neck (rigidity)
- altered mental status
symptoms of meningitis - rash (bacterial sign)
- photophobia
- positive Kernig sign (bend knee and hip to 90 degrees, then extend knee - causes
pain)**
- positive Brudzinski sign (flexing chin to chest causes patient to raise legs also)**
- H&P (living conditions, activity)
- CSF aspiration**
diagnostic tests for meningitis - Kernig sign (bend knee and hip to 90 degrees, then extend knee)
- Brudzinski sign (flex chin to chest, see if patient raises legs also)
- CT scan
, - meningococcal vaccine for prevention
- Dexamethasone (15-20 min before antibiotics)**
treatment of meningitis - IV antibiotics for bacterial only (Pen G w/ cephalosporin)**
- hydration
- seizure precautions
- droplet precautions
- fever management (Tylenol, cooling blankets)**
- frequent vital signs and LOC evaluation
nursing management of meningitis
- daily weight
- hydration (I&O)
- prevent complications from immobility (SCDs)
- increased intraocular fluid
glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure on optic nerve
- aqueous production and drainage not in balance
- age older than 40
- cardiovascular disease
- hypertension
- previous eye trauma
risk factors for glaucoma
- Prednisone use
- history of migraines
- family history of glaucoma
- diabetes
- open angle (wide): most common - fluid cannot pass through trabecular meshwork
types of glaucoma
- narrow angle (angle closure): fluid stuck between lens and iris
- peripheral vision loss
- blurred vision
symptoms of glaucoma - halos around lights
- "silent thief" (unaware of condition until significant loss)
- difficulty adjusting eyes to low light
- tonometry (measures intraocular pressure, 10-21 mmHg)
diagnostics for glaucoma - slit-lamp exam (visualizes optic nerve)
- central visual field testing
- prevent further optic nerve damage
- control intraocular pressure
- Trimolol eyedrops (Betablocker) - decreases fluid production, use in AM**
treatment for glaucoma
- Pilocarpine eyedrops (cholinergic) - increases outflow by contracting pupil
- Brimonidine (alpha 2 agonist) - decreases fluid production
- trabeculectomy surgery
- medication education (ability to use, only 1 drop at a time, lifelong therapy)
nursing management of glaucoma
- patient needs to know intraocular pressure
- cloudiness of the lens
- painless
- sensitivity to glare
cataracts symptoms
- reduced visual acuity
- color shifts
- trouble with night vision
Terms in this set (85)
- inflammation of the meninges
- septic: caused by bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae),
meningitis
more severe**
- aseptic: caused by virus secondary to cancer or weak immune system, less severe
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
3 layers of meninges
- pia mater
(superficial to deep)
- kissing
- sharing utensils
How is bacterial meningitis transmitted? - coughing
- sneezing
- respiratory droplets in throat or nasal passageways
- throbbing steady headache
- fever
- stiff neck (rigidity)
- altered mental status
symptoms of meningitis - rash (bacterial sign)
- photophobia
- positive Kernig sign (bend knee and hip to 90 degrees, then extend knee - causes
pain)**
- positive Brudzinski sign (flexing chin to chest causes patient to raise legs also)**
- H&P (living conditions, activity)
- CSF aspiration**
diagnostic tests for meningitis - Kernig sign (bend knee and hip to 90 degrees, then extend knee)
- Brudzinski sign (flex chin to chest, see if patient raises legs also)
- CT scan
, - meningococcal vaccine for prevention
- Dexamethasone (15-20 min before antibiotics)**
treatment of meningitis - IV antibiotics for bacterial only (Pen G w/ cephalosporin)**
- hydration
- seizure precautions
- droplet precautions
- fever management (Tylenol, cooling blankets)**
- frequent vital signs and LOC evaluation
nursing management of meningitis
- daily weight
- hydration (I&O)
- prevent complications from immobility (SCDs)
- increased intraocular fluid
glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure on optic nerve
- aqueous production and drainage not in balance
- age older than 40
- cardiovascular disease
- hypertension
- previous eye trauma
risk factors for glaucoma
- Prednisone use
- history of migraines
- family history of glaucoma
- diabetes
- open angle (wide): most common - fluid cannot pass through trabecular meshwork
types of glaucoma
- narrow angle (angle closure): fluid stuck between lens and iris
- peripheral vision loss
- blurred vision
symptoms of glaucoma - halos around lights
- "silent thief" (unaware of condition until significant loss)
- difficulty adjusting eyes to low light
- tonometry (measures intraocular pressure, 10-21 mmHg)
diagnostics for glaucoma - slit-lamp exam (visualizes optic nerve)
- central visual field testing
- prevent further optic nerve damage
- control intraocular pressure
- Trimolol eyedrops (Betablocker) - decreases fluid production, use in AM**
treatment for glaucoma
- Pilocarpine eyedrops (cholinergic) - increases outflow by contracting pupil
- Brimonidine (alpha 2 agonist) - decreases fluid production
- trabeculectomy surgery
- medication education (ability to use, only 1 drop at a time, lifelong therapy)
nursing management of glaucoma
- patient needs to know intraocular pressure
- cloudiness of the lens
- painless
- sensitivity to glare
cataracts symptoms
- reduced visual acuity
- color shifts
- trouble with night vision
