1
NURS 100
NURS 100 / NURS100: Final Exam – Fundamentals of
Nursing |WCU (Latest 2026/2027) Q&A.
1. What are some S/S of metabolic acidosis?: Deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul
respirations) Confusion, drowsiness
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Weakness, nausea, vomiting
Abdominal pain
Irregular heartbeats (dysrhythmias)- due to hyperkalemia
2. What are some S/S of respiratory acidosis?: Slow, shallow breathing
(hypoventilation)
Confusion, dizziness
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Weakness, fatigue
Warm, flushed skin
Irregular heartbeats (dysrhythmias)
3. Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis: Which one is primarily associated with
NURS 100
, 2
NURS 100
DKA & hyperkalemia (high potassium): Metabolic acidosis
4. What are the normal ranges when calculating ABG's?: pH 7.35-7.45
CO2 45-35
CO3 22-26
5. Respiratory acidosis typically presents as...: increased CO2 decreased pH
6. Metabolic acidosis typically presents as...: decreased HcO3 decreased pH
7. A pH less than 7.35 is considered to be....: acidic (acidosis)
8. a pH greater than 7.45 is considered to be...: basic (alkalosis)
9. What are some considerations with falls risk?: - assess for falls risk (morse fall
scale)
- modify the environment as needed (bed in lowest position, personal items within
reach, ect.)
- use assistive devices
- educate patient, family, and staff involved in care
- use safety equipment (like grab bars in the bathroom)
10.What is an incident report?: a non-disciplinary document used to record any
unusual or unexpected event (e.g., falls, medication errors, injuries).
NURS 100
, 3
NURS 100
11.What should you include in an incident report?: - Objective details of the event
(who, what, when, where).
- Patient's condition before, during, and after the incident.
- Actions taken (e.g., vital signs, physician notification,
interventions). - Witness statements, if applicable.
=Important: Do NOT include the incident report in the patient's chart—it is an internal
document for facility use.¡
12.What should and what should NOT be included in nursing notes for a fall?:
Objective facts only:
Time, location, and circumstances of the fall.
Patient's assessment (vital signs, LOC, injuries).
Actions taken (physician notified, interventions, monitoring).
=What NOT to Include in Nursing Notes:«
Do NOT mention the incident report in the chart.
Do NOT assign blame or assumptions (e.g., "patient was careless").
13.Sample nursing note...: Date/Time: 03/07/2025 - 14:30
NURS 100
, 4
NURS 100
Patient
Name: John
Doe Room
#: 102B
Objective Documentation:At 14:25, patient found on the floor next to the bed. Patient
states, "I tried to get up to use the restroom and lost my balance." No visible injuries
noted. Patient alert and oriented ×3. Vital signs: BP 128/76, HR 82, RR 16, SpO₂ 98% on
room air. Skin warm and dry, no signs of distress.
Interventions:
Assisted patient back to bed with two-person assist.
Full head-to-toe assessment completed; no redness, swelling, or
bruising observed. Neuro checks initiated per protocol.
Physician Dr. Smith notified at 14:40; new fall precautions ordered.
Bed placed in lowest position, call light within reach, and non-slip socks applied.
Reinforced patient education on using the call light before getting up.
Patient Response:Patient denies pain or dizziness. No signs of distress. Continues to
follow commands appropriately.
Signature:Jane Doe, RN
NURS 100
NURS 100
NURS 100 / NURS100: Final Exam – Fundamentals of
Nursing |WCU (Latest 2026/2027) Q&A.
1. What are some S/S of metabolic acidosis?: Deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul
respirations) Confusion, drowsiness
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Weakness, nausea, vomiting
Abdominal pain
Irregular heartbeats (dysrhythmias)- due to hyperkalemia
2. What are some S/S of respiratory acidosis?: Slow, shallow breathing
(hypoventilation)
Confusion, dizziness
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Weakness, fatigue
Warm, flushed skin
Irregular heartbeats (dysrhythmias)
3. Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis: Which one is primarily associated with
NURS 100
, 2
NURS 100
DKA & hyperkalemia (high potassium): Metabolic acidosis
4. What are the normal ranges when calculating ABG's?: pH 7.35-7.45
CO2 45-35
CO3 22-26
5. Respiratory acidosis typically presents as...: increased CO2 decreased pH
6. Metabolic acidosis typically presents as...: decreased HcO3 decreased pH
7. A pH less than 7.35 is considered to be....: acidic (acidosis)
8. a pH greater than 7.45 is considered to be...: basic (alkalosis)
9. What are some considerations with falls risk?: - assess for falls risk (morse fall
scale)
- modify the environment as needed (bed in lowest position, personal items within
reach, ect.)
- use assistive devices
- educate patient, family, and staff involved in care
- use safety equipment (like grab bars in the bathroom)
10.What is an incident report?: a non-disciplinary document used to record any
unusual or unexpected event (e.g., falls, medication errors, injuries).
NURS 100
, 3
NURS 100
11.What should you include in an incident report?: - Objective details of the event
(who, what, when, where).
- Patient's condition before, during, and after the incident.
- Actions taken (e.g., vital signs, physician notification,
interventions). - Witness statements, if applicable.
=Important: Do NOT include the incident report in the patient's chart—it is an internal
document for facility use.¡
12.What should and what should NOT be included in nursing notes for a fall?:
Objective facts only:
Time, location, and circumstances of the fall.
Patient's assessment (vital signs, LOC, injuries).
Actions taken (physician notified, interventions, monitoring).
=What NOT to Include in Nursing Notes:«
Do NOT mention the incident report in the chart.
Do NOT assign blame or assumptions (e.g., "patient was careless").
13.Sample nursing note...: Date/Time: 03/07/2025 - 14:30
NURS 100
, 4
NURS 100
Patient
Name: John
Doe Room
#: 102B
Objective Documentation:At 14:25, patient found on the floor next to the bed. Patient
states, "I tried to get up to use the restroom and lost my balance." No visible injuries
noted. Patient alert and oriented ×3. Vital signs: BP 128/76, HR 82, RR 16, SpO₂ 98% on
room air. Skin warm and dry, no signs of distress.
Interventions:
Assisted patient back to bed with two-person assist.
Full head-to-toe assessment completed; no redness, swelling, or
bruising observed. Neuro checks initiated per protocol.
Physician Dr. Smith notified at 14:40; new fall precautions ordered.
Bed placed in lowest position, call light within reach, and non-slip socks applied.
Reinforced patient education on using the call light before getting up.
Patient Response:Patient denies pain or dizziness. No signs of distress. Continues to
follow commands appropriately.
Signature:Jane Doe, RN
NURS 100
