E&E Exam ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Bony boundaries of the oral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER incisive, maxillary, and
palatine bones dorsally, mandible ventrally
Soft tissue boundaries of the oral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER lips, cheeks, hard
palate, tongue, and aditus pharynges caudally
Labial vestibule - CORRECT ANSWER space between lips and teeth
Parotid papilla - CORRECT ANSWER opening of the parotid duct adjacent to the
maxillary PM4
Zygomatic papilla - CORRECT ANSWER opening of the zygomatic duct in dog and
cat only, adjacent to maxillary M1
Heterodonty - CORRECT ANSWER variation in dental anatomy based on diet,
behavior, and location in mouth
Basic development of a tooth - CORRECT ANSWER permanent teeth grow on the
lingual side of the deciduous tooth, pressing on their root and causing gradual destruction,
allowing the permanent tooth to take its place
Brachydonty - CORRECT ANSWER determinate eruption: stops growth once tooth is
present. Short crown with long root, entire crown above gumline and coated in enamel.
Cementum present only at root
Hypsodonty - CORRECT ANSWER continuous tooth eruption to accommodate
continuous wear. Long crown, short root, no real neck present. Only small portion of crown is
erupted/visible beyond gums
How to perform a dental examination in a horse - CORRECT ANSWER sedation with
alpha 2s (+/- butorphanol), restraint, dental speculums - check incisors before placement of
speculum, visually inspect all teeth, then palpate all teeth.
Indications for dental radiographs in horses - CORRECT ANSWER drainage, loose or
fractured teeth, packed feed
PD1 - CORRECT ANSWER gingivitis with no bone loss
, PD2 - CORRECT ANSWER <25% attachment loss3
PD3 - CORRECT ANSWER 25-50% bone loss, stage 2 furcation involvement
PD4 - CORRECT ANSWER >50% attachment loss, stage 3 furcation involvement
Type 1 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER able to see PD ligament on rads,
treatment = extraction
Type 2 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER unable to see PD ligament on rads,
treatment = crown amputation
Type 3 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER single tooth with both type 1 and type
2 components, treatment = extract type 1 root, crown amputation for type 2 root
Stomatitis in cats - CORRECT ANSWER gingivitis extending to alveolar mucosa and
caudal mucositis. Treatment = full mouth extractions
Infraorbital nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER ideal for maxillary canine. Blocks
rostral maxillary cheek teeth
Maxillary nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER blocks all maxillary cheek teeth,
incisors, palate, and lips
Mandibular nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER blocks all mandibular teeth, bone,
rostral tongue, gingiva, and skin
Motor function of the mouth - CORRECT ANSWER prehension, chewing, initiation of
swallowing, and deglutition
Phases of swallowing - CORRECT ANSWER oral -> pharynx -> cricopharynx ->
esophagus -> stomach
Muscular anatomy of the esophagus in dogs and ruminants - CORRECT
ANSWER complete skeletal muscle
Muscular anatomy of the esophagus in cat and horse - CORRECT ANSWER cranial
2/3 skeletal muscle, caudal 1/3 smooth muscle
Primary peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER elicited by swallowing, strong wave of
contraction to pass majority of food through into stomach
CORRECT ANSWERS
Bony boundaries of the oral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER incisive, maxillary, and
palatine bones dorsally, mandible ventrally
Soft tissue boundaries of the oral cavity - CORRECT ANSWER lips, cheeks, hard
palate, tongue, and aditus pharynges caudally
Labial vestibule - CORRECT ANSWER space between lips and teeth
Parotid papilla - CORRECT ANSWER opening of the parotid duct adjacent to the
maxillary PM4
Zygomatic papilla - CORRECT ANSWER opening of the zygomatic duct in dog and
cat only, adjacent to maxillary M1
Heterodonty - CORRECT ANSWER variation in dental anatomy based on diet,
behavior, and location in mouth
Basic development of a tooth - CORRECT ANSWER permanent teeth grow on the
lingual side of the deciduous tooth, pressing on their root and causing gradual destruction,
allowing the permanent tooth to take its place
Brachydonty - CORRECT ANSWER determinate eruption: stops growth once tooth is
present. Short crown with long root, entire crown above gumline and coated in enamel.
Cementum present only at root
Hypsodonty - CORRECT ANSWER continuous tooth eruption to accommodate
continuous wear. Long crown, short root, no real neck present. Only small portion of crown is
erupted/visible beyond gums
How to perform a dental examination in a horse - CORRECT ANSWER sedation with
alpha 2s (+/- butorphanol), restraint, dental speculums - check incisors before placement of
speculum, visually inspect all teeth, then palpate all teeth.
Indications for dental radiographs in horses - CORRECT ANSWER drainage, loose or
fractured teeth, packed feed
PD1 - CORRECT ANSWER gingivitis with no bone loss
, PD2 - CORRECT ANSWER <25% attachment loss3
PD3 - CORRECT ANSWER 25-50% bone loss, stage 2 furcation involvement
PD4 - CORRECT ANSWER >50% attachment loss, stage 3 furcation involvement
Type 1 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER able to see PD ligament on rads,
treatment = extraction
Type 2 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER unable to see PD ligament on rads,
treatment = crown amputation
Type 3 tooth resorption - CORRECT ANSWER single tooth with both type 1 and type
2 components, treatment = extract type 1 root, crown amputation for type 2 root
Stomatitis in cats - CORRECT ANSWER gingivitis extending to alveolar mucosa and
caudal mucositis. Treatment = full mouth extractions
Infraorbital nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER ideal for maxillary canine. Blocks
rostral maxillary cheek teeth
Maxillary nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER blocks all maxillary cheek teeth,
incisors, palate, and lips
Mandibular nerve block - CORRECT ANSWER blocks all mandibular teeth, bone,
rostral tongue, gingiva, and skin
Motor function of the mouth - CORRECT ANSWER prehension, chewing, initiation of
swallowing, and deglutition
Phases of swallowing - CORRECT ANSWER oral -> pharynx -> cricopharynx ->
esophagus -> stomach
Muscular anatomy of the esophagus in dogs and ruminants - CORRECT
ANSWER complete skeletal muscle
Muscular anatomy of the esophagus in cat and horse - CORRECT ANSWER cranial
2/3 skeletal muscle, caudal 1/3 smooth muscle
Primary peristalsis - CORRECT ANSWER elicited by swallowing, strong wave of
contraction to pass majority of food through into stomach
