Bios 251 Exam with Questions and
Correct Answers Verified
What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWERS It provides
structural support for the cell, aids in cell motility (Movement) and moves
organelles.
What are cells composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are composed of a
plasma (Cell Membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWERS Clear gel within the cell sometimes referred to
as Intracellular Fluid (ICF).
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS ALL FLUID and COMPONENTS between the
nucleus and cell membrane (Includes the cytosol and cytoskeleton).
What molecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Transmembrane proteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, and
sugars (glycolipids and glycoproteins).
Plasma membrane proteins? - CORRECT ANSWERS Membrane channel
proteins, Glycoproteins, Enzymes, CAMs, Receptor proteins, and Second-
messenger system.
What is the function of a receptor? - CORRECT ANSWERS Binds to chemical
messengers such as hormones sent by other cells.
What is the function of an enzyme? - CORRECT ANSWERS Breaks down a
chemical messenger and terminates its effects.
What is the function of a channel? - CORRECT ANSWERS Allows solutes to
pass into and out of the cell. Always open.
What is the function of a gated channel? - CORRECT ANSWERS Opens and
closes to allow solutes only at a certain time
What is the function of a Cell identity marker (Glycoprotein)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Distinguishes the body's own cells from foreign cells.
What is the function of a Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAMs)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Binds one cell to another
, What is passive transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of materials
across the cell membrane without using energy (ATP). Occurs from high to low
concentration.
What is simple diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Molecules move from high to
low concentration, with or without a membrane, and with or without channel
proteins.
What is facilitated diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Polar molecules move
through a channel protein, from a high to low concentration.
What is osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS WATER MOLECULES move directly
through a membrane or through special proteins called Aquaporins. High to
low concentration.
What is hypertonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have high ECF
osmolarity. Water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
What is Isotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have the same
osmolarity, no movement into or out of the cell.
What is Hypotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have low ECF
osmolarity. Water moves into the cell, causing swelling and potential bursting.
What is active transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS Utilizes energy to move
substance against the concentration gradient, lower to higher concentration.
Depends on a few factors: ATP, membrane proteins, concentration of
molecules, and membrane potentials.
What is bulk transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of large
molecules by way of vesicles.
What is endocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Transports materials into the cell
What is phagocytosis & pinocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS phagocytosis
brings in solids (cell eating) and pinocytosis brings in liquids (cell drinking).
What is exocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS The transportation of materials out
of the cell.
What is intracellular and extracellular fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS Intra -
Known as cytosol, more gel like than ECF
Extra - Sometimes called "tissue fluid", includes plasma.
Correct Answers Verified
What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton? - CORRECT ANSWERS It provides
structural support for the cell, aids in cell motility (Movement) and moves
organelles.
What are cells composed of? - CORRECT ANSWERS They are composed of a
plasma (Cell Membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleus, and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWERS Clear gel within the cell sometimes referred to
as Intracellular Fluid (ICF).
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS ALL FLUID and COMPONENTS between the
nucleus and cell membrane (Includes the cytosol and cytoskeleton).
What molecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Transmembrane proteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, and
sugars (glycolipids and glycoproteins).
Plasma membrane proteins? - CORRECT ANSWERS Membrane channel
proteins, Glycoproteins, Enzymes, CAMs, Receptor proteins, and Second-
messenger system.
What is the function of a receptor? - CORRECT ANSWERS Binds to chemical
messengers such as hormones sent by other cells.
What is the function of an enzyme? - CORRECT ANSWERS Breaks down a
chemical messenger and terminates its effects.
What is the function of a channel? - CORRECT ANSWERS Allows solutes to
pass into and out of the cell. Always open.
What is the function of a gated channel? - CORRECT ANSWERS Opens and
closes to allow solutes only at a certain time
What is the function of a Cell identity marker (Glycoprotein)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Distinguishes the body's own cells from foreign cells.
What is the function of a Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAMs)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Binds one cell to another
, What is passive transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of materials
across the cell membrane without using energy (ATP). Occurs from high to low
concentration.
What is simple diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Molecules move from high to
low concentration, with or without a membrane, and with or without channel
proteins.
What is facilitated diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWERS Polar molecules move
through a channel protein, from a high to low concentration.
What is osmosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS WATER MOLECULES move directly
through a membrane or through special proteins called Aquaporins. High to
low concentration.
What is hypertonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have high ECF
osmolarity. Water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
What is Isotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have the same
osmolarity, no movement into or out of the cell.
What is Hypotonicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions have low ECF
osmolarity. Water moves into the cell, causing swelling and potential bursting.
What is active transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS Utilizes energy to move
substance against the concentration gradient, lower to higher concentration.
Depends on a few factors: ATP, membrane proteins, concentration of
molecules, and membrane potentials.
What is bulk transport? - CORRECT ANSWERS The movement of large
molecules by way of vesicles.
What is endocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Transports materials into the cell
What is phagocytosis & pinocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS phagocytosis
brings in solids (cell eating) and pinocytosis brings in liquids (cell drinking).
What is exocytosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS The transportation of materials out
of the cell.
What is intracellular and extracellular fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS Intra -
Known as cytosol, more gel like than ECF
Extra - Sometimes called "tissue fluid", includes plasma.
