Complete Questions and Guide Answers
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1. What are social factors affecting the demand for wine?
Answer: -changesinconsumptionhabits
- changes in consumer preferences
- changes in reputation (region, producer, or individual wine)
- changes in spending patterns
2. What country has the largest wine consumption?
Answer: US
3. What are possible reasons wine consumption would fall?
Answer: - youngerpeopledrinking less wine
- health concerns
- changes in lifestyle
,- reduces availability of cheap wine
4. What is a "price-sensitive" market?
Answer: consumers are unwilling to pay more than the lowest price possible for the style of wine they want to buy
5. What are economic factors affecting the demand for wine?
Answer: - strength of the economy
- fluctuations in currency exchange
- market changes (entry and exit of brands)
6. What are legislative and political factors affecting the demand for wine?
Answer: - laws prohibiting sale of alcohol
- gov't policies to reduce consumption (loi evin, BAC, minimum unit pricing)
- taxation (excise duty, categories)
- international trade (relationships, customs duties/taritts, trade wars)
- wine laws (PDO, PGI)
7. What is the Loi Evin? When was it introduced?
Answer: - introduced in1991
- has greatly restricted the advertising of alcoholic drinks and is considered a significant factor in the reduction in wine consumption in
France
, 8. What is the Anti-Extravagance Campaign?
Answer: law in China prohibiting the gifting to or consump- tion by government oflcials of luxury wines and spirits
9. What are production factors affecting the demand for wine?
Answer: - area under vine
- human factors (adoption of mondern techniques)
- natural factors (weather, climate change)
10. What factors have resulted in the loss of vineyard land, particularly in the EU?
Answer: - vine pull schemes
- EU restrictions on planting new vineyards
- conversion of vineyard land to other uses
- abandonment of rural areas
11. Describe the vine pull scheme in Europe in the mid-1980's.
Answer: EU wine production was much greater than demand, creating a surplus that came to be known as the 'wine lake'.
National governments and then the EU itself paid growers to pull up poor quality vines, especially in southern France, Italy and
Spain, with the result that, for example, in the 1980s, several hundred thousand hectares of European vines were pulled up.
12. What challenges exist when there is an oversupply of wine?
Answer: - prices fall