Evaluations of Retrieval Failure

AO3 Evaluations - Retrieval Failure

S - Supporting Evidence
C - Conflicting Evidence
O - Other Explanations
U - Usefulness
T - Testability



Godden & Baddeley - Context Dependent

Procedure

18 diving club participants took part in a repeated measures design
consisting of 4 conditions:

– Learning words on land and recalling on land
– Learning words on land and recalling under water
– Learning under water and recalling under water
– Learning under water and recalling on land.

In the underwater condition, this was at 20ft below the surface.

They had to learn 38 unrelated words which they heard twice during the
learning stage. As a distrataction, they had to listen to and write down 15
numbers. There were 24 hours between conditions and the study
conducted over 4 days. Participants were tested in pairs.


Findings

Around 50% better recall when learning and recall situation are the same,
40% more words were forgotten when the condition changed. Recall for
learning on land and recall on land was 13.5 compared to 8.6 when they
learned the words on land and had to recall under water.




State Dependent