AP Stats Chapters 1-7 Vocab (The Practice of Stats)
individuals - correct answer objects described by a set of data
variable - correct answer any characteristic of an individual
categorical variable - correct answer places an individual into one of several groups of
categories
quantitative variable - correct answer takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find
an average
distribution - correct answer what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values
frequency table - correct answer displays the counts of the data
relative frequency table - correct answer displays the percents of the data
marginal distribution - correct answer the distribution of values of that variable among all
individuals described by the table
conditional distribution - correct answer describes the values of that variable among individuals
who have a specific value of another variable
what is the 4 step process - correct answer (1) state (2) plan (3) do (5) conclude
association - correct answer when specific values of one variable tend to occur in common with
specific values of the other
two-way table - correct answer organizes data about two categorical veriables
what types of graphs are used for categorical data - correct answer (1) pie charts (2) bar graphs
what method is used to analyze a distribution of quantitative variables - correct answer Center
(mean and median)
Unusual features (outliers)
Shape (symmetric or skewed)
Spread (range and IQR)
mean - correct answer (aka x-bar) gets pulled towards the skew
median - correct answer midpoint of a distribution
Q1 - correct answer 1/4 of the data
Q3 - correct answer 3/4 of the data
IQR - correct answer the range of the middle 50% of the data (Q3 - Q1)
, how do we determine if a point is an outlier - correct answer 1.5 * IQR rule
Q1 - 1.5 * IQR
Q3 + 1.5 * IQR
five-number summary - correct answer minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum
standard deviation - correct answer s, measures the average distance of the observations from
their mean
variance - correct answer the average distance squared
p th percentile - correct answer the value with p percent of the observations less than it
cumulative relative frequency - correct answer all the counts for the column and those before it
added together and divided by the total number of counts
z-score - correct answer x-mean / standard deviation
effect of adding or subtracting a constant - correct answer changes mean, median, quartiles,
percentiles but range, IQR, standard deviation stays the same
effect of multiplying or dividing a constant - correct answer changes mean, median, quartiles,
percentiles, range, IQR, standard deviation
density curve - correct answer describes the overall pattern of a distribution
68-95-99.7 rule - correct answer approximately 68% falls within one standard deviation of the
mean
95% falls within two standard deviations of the mean
99.7% falls within three standard deviations of the mean
standard normal curve - correct answer mean 0 and standard deviation 1
normal probability plot - correct answer the data should be close to linear if the data is
approximately normal
response variable - correct answer measures the outcome of a study
explanatory variable - correct answer helps explain or influences changes in a response variable
scatterplot - correct answer shows the relationship between two quantitative variables
measured on the same individuals
what method is used to analyze a scatterplot - correct answer Form (linear, curved, clustered)
Unusual features (outliers)
individuals - correct answer objects described by a set of data
variable - correct answer any characteristic of an individual
categorical variable - correct answer places an individual into one of several groups of
categories
quantitative variable - correct answer takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find
an average
distribution - correct answer what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values
frequency table - correct answer displays the counts of the data
relative frequency table - correct answer displays the percents of the data
marginal distribution - correct answer the distribution of values of that variable among all
individuals described by the table
conditional distribution - correct answer describes the values of that variable among individuals
who have a specific value of another variable
what is the 4 step process - correct answer (1) state (2) plan (3) do (5) conclude
association - correct answer when specific values of one variable tend to occur in common with
specific values of the other
two-way table - correct answer organizes data about two categorical veriables
what types of graphs are used for categorical data - correct answer (1) pie charts (2) bar graphs
what method is used to analyze a distribution of quantitative variables - correct answer Center
(mean and median)
Unusual features (outliers)
Shape (symmetric or skewed)
Spread (range and IQR)
mean - correct answer (aka x-bar) gets pulled towards the skew
median - correct answer midpoint of a distribution
Q1 - correct answer 1/4 of the data
Q3 - correct answer 3/4 of the data
IQR - correct answer the range of the middle 50% of the data (Q3 - Q1)
, how do we determine if a point is an outlier - correct answer 1.5 * IQR rule
Q1 - 1.5 * IQR
Q3 + 1.5 * IQR
five-number summary - correct answer minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum
standard deviation - correct answer s, measures the average distance of the observations from
their mean
variance - correct answer the average distance squared
p th percentile - correct answer the value with p percent of the observations less than it
cumulative relative frequency - correct answer all the counts for the column and those before it
added together and divided by the total number of counts
z-score - correct answer x-mean / standard deviation
effect of adding or subtracting a constant - correct answer changes mean, median, quartiles,
percentiles but range, IQR, standard deviation stays the same
effect of multiplying or dividing a constant - correct answer changes mean, median, quartiles,
percentiles, range, IQR, standard deviation
density curve - correct answer describes the overall pattern of a distribution
68-95-99.7 rule - correct answer approximately 68% falls within one standard deviation of the
mean
95% falls within two standard deviations of the mean
99.7% falls within three standard deviations of the mean
standard normal curve - correct answer mean 0 and standard deviation 1
normal probability plot - correct answer the data should be close to linear if the data is
approximately normal
response variable - correct answer measures the outcome of a study
explanatory variable - correct answer helps explain or influences changes in a response variable
scatterplot - correct answer shows the relationship between two quantitative variables
measured on the same individuals
what method is used to analyze a scatterplot - correct answer Form (linear, curved, clustered)
Unusual features (outliers)
