Multicultural Psychology- Exam 1 (Chapters 1-5) Practice Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified.

Multicultural Psychology - correct answers The systematic study of behavior, cognition and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact. Culture - correct answers The values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols, and passed down from generation to generation. Diversity - correct answers Differences beyond race, ethnicity, and nationality, such as sexual orientations, religions, and abilities. Worldview - correct answers A psychological perception of the environment that determines how we think, behave, and feel. Biological Concept of Race - correct answers The perspective that a race is a group of people who share a specific combination of physical, genetically inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other groups. Sociocultural Concept of Race - correct answers The perspective that characteristics, values, and behaviors that have been associated with groups of people who share different physical characteristics serve the social purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group and for members of a group to perceive themselves. Ethnicity - correct answers a combination of race and culture. Intersectionality - correct answers The meaningful ways in which various social statuses interact (e.g., race, gender, social class) and result in differing experiences with oppression and privilege. Culture Contact - correct answers Critical incidents in which people from different cultures come into social contact with one another either a) by living and working with one another on a daily basis, or b) through visiting other countries on a temporary basis, such as for business, tourism, or study. Cross-cultural Psychology - correct answers The study of comparisons across cultures or countries, as opposed to comparisons of groups within one society. The Fourth Force - correct answers The idea that multicultural psychology is so important that it will fundamentally change the direction of the field of psychology, as psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism did. Paradigm Shift - correct answers A major change in the way people think about a field. Biopsychosocial Model - correct answersA model of human behavior that takes into consideration biological, cognitive-affective, social interpersonal, social institutional, and cultural factors. Negative Cognitive Triad - correct answersBeck's label for the negative view depressed individuals tend to have of themselves, the world, and the future. Critical Consciousness - correct answersThe ability of individuals to take perspective on their immediate cultural, social, and political environment, to engage in critical dialogue with it, bringing to bear fundamental moral commitments including concerns for justice and equity and to define their own place with respect to surrounding reality, constitutes an important human faculty. Structuralism - correct answersThe first formal approach to psychology that attempted to examine the contents of people's minds. Structural Introspection - correct answersThe method that structuralists used to examine the contents of people's minds. Ethnical Psychology - correct answersThe study of the minds of "other races and peoples" Eugenics - correct answersA movement that maintains that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be dissuaded from reproducing. Logical Positivism - correct answersA scientific approach that attempts to measure "truth" or real phenomena through methods of numbers and statistical analyses. Functional Equivalence - correct answersThe equating of items on a test or a survey functionally as opposed to literally. Conceptual Equivalence - correct answersRefers to a term or phrase that is culturally meaningful equivalent of the term being examined. Linguistic Equivalence - correct answersThe translation of a term from one language to another that carries with it similar meaning. Metric Equivalence - correct answersNumeric scores that are generally equivalent from one culture to another. Bias of the user - correct answersA bias in the interpretation of a test when the user has a particular perspective or bias that may disadvantage a person or group. Bias in the usage - correct answersA bias introduced when a test is used in an inappropriate manner, such as being administered in a language in which the test taker is not fluent. Etic Perspective - correct answersAn attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures. Emic Perspective - correct answersAn attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture. Imposed Etics - correct answersThe imposition of one culture's worldview on another culture, assuming that one's own worldviews are universal. Delay of Gratification - correct answersThe ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking a less desirable reward immediately. Individualism - correct answersA social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group of collective in which the individual is a member. Collectivism - correct answersA social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the group's or collective's preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of the individual. Idiocentrism - correct answersIndividualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. Individualism refers to the society, whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual, Allocentrism - correct answersCollectivistic tendencies that reside within an individual. Collectivism refers to the society, whereas allocentrism refers to an individual. Countercultural Individuals - correct answersIdiocentric individuals resideing in a collectivistic culture, or allocentric individuals residing in an individualistic culture. Masculine-Feminine Dimension - correct answersA continuum of authority from hierarchical (masculine) to egalitarian (feminine). Guilt - correct answersA prominent negative emotion in individualistic cultures that involves an individual's sense of personal regret for having engaged in a negative behavior. Shame - correct answersA prominent negative emotion in collectivistic cultures that involves an individual's sense of regret for having engaged in a negative behavior that reflects badly upon his or her family and/or upbringing. Losing face/Saving Face - correct answersloss of face involves being publicly revealed for negative behavior; face saving involves being able to protect one's public persona. Face giving/Giving face - correct answersExtolling the virtues of another person in public. It would be considered boastful and individualistic if the individual did this himself/herself. Time focus - correct answersAn orientation that values a particular time perspective. Some cultures value the past, some value the present, and some value the future. Although all cultures value all three, some cultures value one of these perspectives more than do other cultures. Human Activity - correct answersThe distinction among being, being and in becoming, and doing. Being refers to an individual's being accepted just as he or she is. Being an in becoming refers to an individual's evolving into something different and presumable better. Doing refers to an individual's being valued for the activity in which he or she is engaged. Social Relations - correct answersThe distinction among lineal, collateral, and individualistic. Lineal orientation is a respect for the hierarchy within one's family. Collateral orientation is essential the same as collectivism. Individualistic orientation is the same as individualism. People/Nature Relationship - correct answershow people relate to nature, be it subjugated to nature, in harmony with nature, or mastery over nature. Locus of control - correct answersThe focus of control over outcomes of one's life, be it internal or external control. Locus of responsibility - correct answersThe focus of responsibility for one's position in life, be it internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility. Marginal Man - correct answersStonequist's concept of how one feels when one is caught between two worlds. ALANA - correct answersHelms's acronym for African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. VREG - correct answersHelms's acronym for members of visible racial/ethnic groups. Cooperative Principle - correct answersA Psycho linguistic term that assumes that we strive to communicate with one another sincerely and effectively when we engage in a conversation. Maxim of Quality - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggest that we tell each other the truth when we engage in a conversation. Maxim of Quantity - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggests that we contribute an appropriate amount of talk when we engage in a conversation. Maxim of Relevance - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggests that our discussion is relevant to the conversation. Maxim of Manner - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggests that we are clear in our language and that we pay attention to normal standards of conversation, such as not shouting at someone who is right in front of us. Relations with conversational partner - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggests that we use our previous relationship with our conversational partner so that we do not have to repeat shared experiences. Rule violations - correct answersA communicative presumption that suggests that we signal our conversational partners when we are about to engage in a violation of one