INHOUD
Deel 1: Atomen en moleculen .................................................................................................................. 3
Oefening 1: Bouw van het atoom .......................................................................................................... 3
Oefening 2: Elektronenstructuur van het atoom .................................................................................... 5
Oefening 3: Het periodiek systeem der elementen ................................................................................ 6
Oefening 4: Opstellen van Lewisstructuren .......................................................................................... 7
Oefening 5: De chemische binding ....................................................................................................... 9
Deel 2: Chemisch rekenen ..................................................................................................................... 10
Oefening 1: Rekenen met gemeten waarden ....................................................................................... 10
Oefening 2: Het Atoom ....................................................................................................................... 13
Oefening 3: Stofhoeveelheid, mol....................................................................................................... 14
Oefening 4: Concentratieaanduidingen .............................................................................................. 18
Massaprocent ................................................................................................................................ 18
Volumeprocent .............................................................................................................................. 19
Molprocent .................................................................................................................................... 20
Massaconcentratie ........................................................................................................................ 21
Molariteit ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Verdunningen................................................................................................................................. 24
Oefening 5: Berekeningen in Farmaceutische context......................................................................... 28
Oefening 6: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 29
Deel 3: Stoichiometrie ........................................................................................................................... 34
Oefening 1: Basiswetten in de chemie ................................................................................................ 34
Oefening 2: Stoichiometrische berekening – basis .............................................................................. 36
Oefening 3: Onvolledige reactievergelijkingen .................................................................................... 37
Oefening 3: Onzuivere reagentia of producten .................................................................................... 38
Oefening 4: Limiterende reagens ........................................................................................................ 38
Oefening 5: Rendement (opbrengst) ................................................................................................... 39
Oefening 6: Consecutieve reacties ..................................................................................................... 39
Oefening 7: Reacties met mengsels ................................................................................................... 40
Oefening 8: Reacties met gasmengsels .............................................................................................. 40
Oefening 9: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 41
Oefening 10: Zuur-base evenwichten ................................................................................................. 50
Deel 3: Kinetiek ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Oefening 1: Reactiesnelheid .............................................................................................................. 54
Reactiesnelheid ............................................................................................................................. 54
Invloed van concentratie op de reactiesnelheid .............................................................................. 55
, Reacties van de eerste orde ............................................................................................................ 60
Reacties van de tweede orde .......................................................................................................... 63
Oefening 2: Energiebeschouwingen ................................................................................................... 63
Wet van Hess ................................................................................................................................. 64
Oefening 3: Invloed van temperatuur op V (formule van Arrhenius) ..................................................... 66
Deel 4: Chemische Evenwichten ............................................................................................................ 67
Oefening 1: Chemisch evenwicht – basisprincipes ............................................................................. 67
Oefening 2: Verstoring chemisch evenwicht door concentratieverandering ......................................... 69
Oefening 3: Verstoring evenwicht door volume verandering ................................................................ 71
Oefening 4: Verstoring evenwicht door temperatuur verandering ........................................................ 73
Oefening 5: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 74
Oefening 6: Dissociatiegraad ............................................................................................................. 77
Deel 5: Zuren & Basen ........................................................................................................................... 78
Oefening 1: Indeling anorganische verbindingen ................................................................................. 78
Oefening 2: Zuren .............................................................................................................................. 81
Oefening 3: Zouten............................................................................................................................. 82
Oefening 4: pH berekeningen - basis .................................................................................................. 83
Oefening 5: Massabalans & Ladingsbalans ......................................................................................... 83
Oefening 6: pH-berekeningen ............................................................................................................. 84
Sterke zuren, Sterke basen ............................................................................................................. 84
Mengsels van sterke zuren of sterke basen ..................................................................................... 85
Zwakke éénwaardige zuren ............................................................................................................. 86
Zwakke éénwaardige basen ............................................................................................................ 87
Zouten die partiële hydrolyse ondergaan ........................................................................................ 88
Meerwaardige zuren of basen, mengsels van zuren of basen ........................................................... 88
Amfolyten ...................................................................................................................................... 89
Extra oefeningen pH-berekeningen ................................................................................................. 89
Oefening 7: Buffers ............................................................................................................................ 90
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................... 90
pH-berekening voor buffermengsel HA/A- ....................................................................................... 90
pH-verandering door toevoegen zuur/base aan buffer ..................................................................... 93
,DEEL 1: ATOMEN EN MOLECULEN
OEFENING 1: BOUW VAN HET ATOOM
,
,OEFENING 2: ELEKTRONENSTRUCTUUR VAN HET ATOOM
,OEFENING 3: HET PERIODIEK SYSTEEM DER ELEMENTEN
,OEFENING 4: OPSTELLEN VAN LEWISSTRUCTUREN
,
,OEFENING 5: DE CHEMISCHE BINDING
, DEEL 2: CHEMISCH REKENEN
OEFENING 1: REKENEN MET GEMETEN WAARDEN
Deel 1: Atomen en moleculen .................................................................................................................. 3
Oefening 1: Bouw van het atoom .......................................................................................................... 3
Oefening 2: Elektronenstructuur van het atoom .................................................................................... 5
Oefening 3: Het periodiek systeem der elementen ................................................................................ 6
Oefening 4: Opstellen van Lewisstructuren .......................................................................................... 7
Oefening 5: De chemische binding ....................................................................................................... 9
Deel 2: Chemisch rekenen ..................................................................................................................... 10
Oefening 1: Rekenen met gemeten waarden ....................................................................................... 10
Oefening 2: Het Atoom ....................................................................................................................... 13
Oefening 3: Stofhoeveelheid, mol....................................................................................................... 14
Oefening 4: Concentratieaanduidingen .............................................................................................. 18
Massaprocent ................................................................................................................................ 18
Volumeprocent .............................................................................................................................. 19
Molprocent .................................................................................................................................... 20
Massaconcentratie ........................................................................................................................ 21
Molariteit ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Verdunningen................................................................................................................................. 24
Oefening 5: Berekeningen in Farmaceutische context......................................................................... 28
Oefening 6: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 29
Deel 3: Stoichiometrie ........................................................................................................................... 34
Oefening 1: Basiswetten in de chemie ................................................................................................ 34
Oefening 2: Stoichiometrische berekening – basis .............................................................................. 36
Oefening 3: Onvolledige reactievergelijkingen .................................................................................... 37
Oefening 3: Onzuivere reagentia of producten .................................................................................... 38
Oefening 4: Limiterende reagens ........................................................................................................ 38
Oefening 5: Rendement (opbrengst) ................................................................................................... 39
Oefening 6: Consecutieve reacties ..................................................................................................... 39
Oefening 7: Reacties met mengsels ................................................................................................... 40
Oefening 8: Reacties met gasmengsels .............................................................................................. 40
Oefening 9: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 41
Oefening 10: Zuur-base evenwichten ................................................................................................. 50
Deel 3: Kinetiek ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Oefening 1: Reactiesnelheid .............................................................................................................. 54
Reactiesnelheid ............................................................................................................................. 54
Invloed van concentratie op de reactiesnelheid .............................................................................. 55
, Reacties van de eerste orde ............................................................................................................ 60
Reacties van de tweede orde .......................................................................................................... 63
Oefening 2: Energiebeschouwingen ................................................................................................... 63
Wet van Hess ................................................................................................................................. 64
Oefening 3: Invloed van temperatuur op V (formule van Arrhenius) ..................................................... 66
Deel 4: Chemische Evenwichten ............................................................................................................ 67
Oefening 1: Chemisch evenwicht – basisprincipes ............................................................................. 67
Oefening 2: Verstoring chemisch evenwicht door concentratieverandering ......................................... 69
Oefening 3: Verstoring evenwicht door volume verandering ................................................................ 71
Oefening 4: Verstoring evenwicht door temperatuur verandering ........................................................ 73
Oefening 5: Gemengde oefeningen .................................................................................................... 74
Oefening 6: Dissociatiegraad ............................................................................................................. 77
Deel 5: Zuren & Basen ........................................................................................................................... 78
Oefening 1: Indeling anorganische verbindingen ................................................................................. 78
Oefening 2: Zuren .............................................................................................................................. 81
Oefening 3: Zouten............................................................................................................................. 82
Oefening 4: pH berekeningen - basis .................................................................................................. 83
Oefening 5: Massabalans & Ladingsbalans ......................................................................................... 83
Oefening 6: pH-berekeningen ............................................................................................................. 84
Sterke zuren, Sterke basen ............................................................................................................. 84
Mengsels van sterke zuren of sterke basen ..................................................................................... 85
Zwakke éénwaardige zuren ............................................................................................................. 86
Zwakke éénwaardige basen ............................................................................................................ 87
Zouten die partiële hydrolyse ondergaan ........................................................................................ 88
Meerwaardige zuren of basen, mengsels van zuren of basen ........................................................... 88
Amfolyten ...................................................................................................................................... 89
Extra oefeningen pH-berekeningen ................................................................................................. 89
Oefening 7: Buffers ............................................................................................................................ 90
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................... 90
pH-berekening voor buffermengsel HA/A- ....................................................................................... 90
pH-verandering door toevoegen zuur/base aan buffer ..................................................................... 93
,DEEL 1: ATOMEN EN MOLECULEN
OEFENING 1: BOUW VAN HET ATOOM
,
,OEFENING 2: ELEKTRONENSTRUCTUUR VAN HET ATOOM
,OEFENING 3: HET PERIODIEK SYSTEEM DER ELEMENTEN
,OEFENING 4: OPSTELLEN VAN LEWISSTRUCTUREN
,
,OEFENING 5: DE CHEMISCHE BINDING
, DEEL 2: CHEMISCH REKENEN
OEFENING 1: REKENEN MET GEMETEN WAARDEN
