PCB 3044 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

PCB 3044 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS

Case |study: |Salmon |Abundance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Salmon |stocks |in |the |Pacific |north |
west |are |declining |despite |efforts |to |restore |spawning |habitat. |Research |led |to |the |discovery |
of |the |Pacific |Decadal |Oscillation



Pacific |Decadal |Oscillation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-20-30 |year |cycles |of |warm |and |cool |
temperatures |in |the |North |Pacific



Climate |is... |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |most |fundamental |component |of |the |physical |
environment



Weather |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Current |conditions- |temperature, |precipitation, |humidity, |
cloud |cover



Climate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Long |term |description |of |weather, |based |on |averages |and |
variation |measured |over |decades |(includes |cycles |and |long |term |trends)



Global |climate |system |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Driven |by |energy |which |is |derived |from |solar |
radiation



Incoming |radiation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--1/3 |reflected |back |by |clouds |and |aerosols |

-1/5 |absorbed |by |ozone, |clouds |and |vapor |

-49% |absorbed |by |earth



Outgoing |energy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--sensible |heat

,-latent |heat

-long-wave |(infrared) |radiation

| -emitted |by |surface

| -re-radiated |back |to |earth |by |greenhouse |gases



Greenhouse |effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |natural |process |existing |since |the |beginning |of |
time |(without |it |earths |temperature |would |be |about |33 |degrees |Celsius |cooler) |many |gases |
emitted |by |humans



Earths |energy |balance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Solar |radiation |most |intense |at |equator |

Energy |is |spread |pole-ward |by |winds |and |ocean |currents



Atmospheric |radiation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--caused |by |differential |heating |of |Earths |
surface |

-determines |major |climate |zones



Low |pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Warm |rising |air; |condenses |to |form |precipitation |

-0• |(tropical |rainforests)

-60• |(temperate |forests)



High |pressure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dry, |cool, |falling |air |

-30• |(deserts)

-90• |(tundra)



Global |wind |patterns |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Winds |flow |from |areas |of |high |pressure |to |areas
|of |low |pressure

, Prevailing |winds |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Consistent |patterns |of |air |movements



Coriolis |Effect |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Winds |appear |to |be |deflected |due |to |the |rotation |of |
the |Earth



Heat |capacity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Unit |of |heat |required |to |increase |the |temp |of |a |
substance |by |one |degree



Oceanic |circulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Driven |by |surface |winds |but |modified |by |the |
presence |of |land |masses |(speed |of |the |ocean |currents |is |about |2-3% |of |the |wind |speed)



Downwelling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Colder, |saltier, |(denser) |water |sinks



Upwelling |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prevailing |winds |pull |water |away |from |coastline |

-brings |nutrients |that |settled |in |deep |waters |back |to |the |photic |zone |

-areas |of |high |primary |production |which |cascades |through |the |food |chain



Ocean |circulation: |deep |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Not |wind |driven |but |density |driven

Highly |stratified, |little |vertical |motion |(fueled |by |sinking |water |masses)



Lapse |rate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Decrease |in |temperature |with |increasing |height |above |the |
surface



Why |does |it |get |colder |as |you |move |up |a |mountain? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pressure |in |the |
atmosphere |decreases |with |increasing |elevation, |which |decreases |the |heat |capacity |of |the |air

Highlands |exchange |air |move |effectively |with |cooler |air |in |the |surrounding |atmosphere