Biol 2401 Final Exam – Questions & Accurate Solutions
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INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
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Terms in this set (300)
Anatomy the study of the structure of the body
Physiology the study of how the body functions
Hypothesis an educated guess
Cytology study of cells
Histology study of tissues
Metabolism the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Anabolism uses energy to build larger molecules
Catabolism breaks down large molecules to release energy
Homeostasis to maintain nearly constant internal conditions within limits
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ what are the Levels of Organization
Systems - Organism
Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and
Transverse plane
inferior (bottom) parts
Midsagittal plane Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves
cranial and vertebral cavities what are the 2 Dorsal cavities
thoracic and abdominopelvic what are the 2 Ventral cavities
Visceral-covers organs what are the location names of the Serous membranes?
Parietal-lines cavities
median space in the thoracic cavity
Mediastinum
Contains heart
heart - pericardium names of individual Serous membranes
lungs - pleura
peritoneum - abdominal
Umbilical - Epigastric - Identify the 9 compartments of the abdominopelvic cavity
Hypogastric - hypochondriac -
lumbar - umbilical and iliac
regions
Matter what has mass and occupies space
Solid/bone, Liquid /blood, name the three forms of matter in the body
Gas/oxygen
HONC 4 elements that make up 96% of the mass
Ions Atoms with a positive or a negative charge
Cations ions with a positive charge
, Anions ions with negative charge
Ionic bonds Cations and anions bound by electrostatic forces
Covalent bonds sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond weak bond partial positive and a partial negative atom
Acid proton donor e.g. HCl
Base proton acceptor e.g. NaOh
pH the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
inorganic molecules small molecules that do not contain carbon
organic molecules large molecules that contain carbon
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, 4 macromolecules
nucleic acids
Dehydration synthesis removal of water for synthesis of biomolecules
Hydrolysis addition of water during the breakdown of biomolecules
lack double bonds; saturated with hydrogen; solids are room
Saturated fat
temperature
Unsaturated fat one double bond; liquids at room temperature; oils
Phospholipids lipids that form cell membranes
monosaccharides, Three classes of Carbohydrates
disaccharides, polysaccharides
glucose fructose galactose 3 monosaccharides are
sucrose maltose lactose Disaccharides include
starch glycogen cellulose polysaccharides include
sugar phosphate base three components of a Nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleic acid Double-stranded nucleic acid A-T G-C Genetic material
Ribonucleic acid Single-stranded nucleic acid directs protein synthesis
Adenosine triphosphate contains 3 phosphate molecules; energy currency for the cell
primary, secondary, tertiary, four levels of protein structure
quaternary
Denaturation change shape of a protein so it is no longer functional
All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of
Cell theory
life Cells produce Cells - Mitosis
Cytoplasm space between plasma membrane and nucleus
Cytosol viscous fluid of cytoplasm
Organelles Complex organized structures within cells
integral and peripheral Two types of membrane proteins
Integral proteins Embedded within, and extend across, phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral proteins Loosely attached to external or interior surfaces of membrane
Do not require energy; Depend on substances moving down
Passive processes
concentration gradient
Require energy; Substance must be moved up its concentration
Active processes
gradient
Molecules pass between phospholipid molecules; Small and
Simple diffusion
nonpolar solutes
Transport process for small charged or polar solutes; requires
Facilitated diffusion
assistance from plasma membrane proteins
Channel-mediated diffusion Movement of small ions through water-filled protein channels
Save
Students also studied
INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
dong_lee82 Preview melissa_jarvis7 Preview Hunter_Charters
Terms in this set (300)
Anatomy the study of the structure of the body
Physiology the study of how the body functions
Hypothesis an educated guess
Cytology study of cells
Histology study of tissues
Metabolism the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Anabolism uses energy to build larger molecules
Catabolism breaks down large molecules to release energy
Homeostasis to maintain nearly constant internal conditions within limits
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ what are the Levels of Organization
Systems - Organism
Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and
Transverse plane
inferior (bottom) parts
Midsagittal plane Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves
cranial and vertebral cavities what are the 2 Dorsal cavities
thoracic and abdominopelvic what are the 2 Ventral cavities
Visceral-covers organs what are the location names of the Serous membranes?
Parietal-lines cavities
median space in the thoracic cavity
Mediastinum
Contains heart
heart - pericardium names of individual Serous membranes
lungs - pleura
peritoneum - abdominal
Umbilical - Epigastric - Identify the 9 compartments of the abdominopelvic cavity
Hypogastric - hypochondriac -
lumbar - umbilical and iliac
regions
Matter what has mass and occupies space
Solid/bone, Liquid /blood, name the three forms of matter in the body
Gas/oxygen
HONC 4 elements that make up 96% of the mass
Ions Atoms with a positive or a negative charge
Cations ions with a positive charge
, Anions ions with negative charge
Ionic bonds Cations and anions bound by electrostatic forces
Covalent bonds sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond weak bond partial positive and a partial negative atom
Acid proton donor e.g. HCl
Base proton acceptor e.g. NaOh
pH the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution
inorganic molecules small molecules that do not contain carbon
organic molecules large molecules that contain carbon
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, 4 macromolecules
nucleic acids
Dehydration synthesis removal of water for synthesis of biomolecules
Hydrolysis addition of water during the breakdown of biomolecules
lack double bonds; saturated with hydrogen; solids are room
Saturated fat
temperature
Unsaturated fat one double bond; liquids at room temperature; oils
Phospholipids lipids that form cell membranes
monosaccharides, Three classes of Carbohydrates
disaccharides, polysaccharides
glucose fructose galactose 3 monosaccharides are
sucrose maltose lactose Disaccharides include
starch glycogen cellulose polysaccharides include
sugar phosphate base three components of a Nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleic acid Double-stranded nucleic acid A-T G-C Genetic material
Ribonucleic acid Single-stranded nucleic acid directs protein synthesis
Adenosine triphosphate contains 3 phosphate molecules; energy currency for the cell
primary, secondary, tertiary, four levels of protein structure
quaternary
Denaturation change shape of a protein so it is no longer functional
All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of
Cell theory
life Cells produce Cells - Mitosis
Cytoplasm space between plasma membrane and nucleus
Cytosol viscous fluid of cytoplasm
Organelles Complex organized structures within cells
integral and peripheral Two types of membrane proteins
Integral proteins Embedded within, and extend across, phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral proteins Loosely attached to external or interior surfaces of membrane
Do not require energy; Depend on substances moving down
Passive processes
concentration gradient
Require energy; Substance must be moved up its concentration
Active processes
gradient
Molecules pass between phospholipid molecules; Small and
Simple diffusion
nonpolar solutes
Transport process for small charged or polar solutes; requires
Facilitated diffusion
assistance from plasma membrane proteins
Channel-mediated diffusion Movement of small ions through water-filled protein channels
