CAPS I Midterm Exam 2026-2027 NEWEST VERSION
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS\VERIFIED 100% ALREADY GRADED
A+\BRAND NEW!!
When counting an irregular Measure for a full 60 seconds.
heart rate, how long should
you measure the pulse?
For routine pulse Count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 to get beats per minute.
measurement, what
shortcut is typically used?
Give the pulse amplitude 4 = bounding; 3 = full; 2 = normal; 1 = diminished; 0 = absent.
grading scale and what 2 and
0 mean.
Name six common Carotid, Brachial, Radial, Femoral, Posterior tibial, Dorsalis pedis
peripheral pulse points to (also popliteal).
palpate bilaterally.
How should respirations By inspection for one minute, preferably without the
ideally be counted? patient knowing; or continue holding the wrist after
pulse count to observe chest rise.
State patient positioning Seated, rested 5 minutes, feet flat and uncrossed, back
and preparatory steps for supported, arm bared and at heart level on hard
accurate seated blood surface, ask about recent caffeine/smoking/exercise.
pressure measurement.
Bladder length ≈ 80% of arm circumference and
What is the 80/40 rule for BP
cuff sizing? bladder width ≥ 40% of arm circumference (or bladder
width covers ~40% elbow-to-shoulder).
Inflate cuff while palpating radial pulse, note the
Describe how to estimate
pressure where pulse disappears; use ~20-30 mm Hg
systolic pressure by
above that for auscultatory measurement to avoid
palpation before
auscultatory gap error.
auscultation.
,At what rate should you Gradually at about 2-3 mm Hg per second.
deflate the BP cuff during
auscultation?
What Korotkoff phase Systolic = Phase 1 (first two consecutive beats); Diastolic
indicates systolic pressure = Phase 5 (silence) or Phase 4 (muffling) if Phase 5
and which phase indicates absent.
diastolic (Phase 5
preferred)?
A transient disappearance of Korotkoff sounds
What is an auscultatory gap
between phases that can lead to underestimating
and why is it clinically
systolic or overestimating diastolic pressure; avoidable
important?
by palpatory estimate first.
How is pulse pressure Pulse pressure = Systolic − Diastolic; normal ≈ 30-40 mm Hg.
calculated and what typical
range suggests normal?
How many Multiple measurements: typically 3 separate
measurements/days are measurements on 3 separate days support diagnosis.
recommended before
diagnosing hypertension?
During peripheral pulse Capillary refill; normal < 2 seconds.
exam what simple test
assesses peripheral perfusion
and what is normal?
When assessing lower 1+ to 4+ with increasing mm of indentation (approx 2, 4, 6, 8 mm
extremity edema, what is respectively).
the pitting scale used?
Approximately how many Around 600; superficial nodes are accessible by
lymph nodes are in the inspection and palpation and give early clues to
body and why are infection or malignancy.
superficial nodes clinically
useful?
Name at least five Occipital, Postauricular, Preauricular, Submandibular,
superficial lymph node Submental, Anterior cervical, Posterior cervical,
chains to inspect on the Supraclavicular, Axillary, Epitrochlear.
head/neck and upper
extremity.
, What three node Hardness (firm → malignancy), non-tenderness/rapid
characteristics raise painless enlargement (→ malignancy), matted nodes (→
concern for malignancy possible malignancy or chronic TB/sarcoidosis).
versus inflammation?
What are "shotty" nodes Small, firm, discrete nodes like buckshot; often benign or
and what clinical context is reactive (e.g., viral infections).
typical?
Why are palpable They are abnormal in adults and often indicate malignancy until
supraclavicular nodes proven otherwise.
considered especially
concerning?
Give three procedural or Appropriate draping; signposting before exposure or
patient‑respect behaviors palpation of neck/abdomen/groin/axilla; thank the
required throughout the patient afterward.
ViSPULS exam.
What should you always Systolic and diastolic values, cuff size, arm used, and
record when documenting patient position (if not seated), and note repeat
blood pressure measurement if taken.
measurements?
Repeat vitals (even if done by staff); assess pulses and
Summarize the ViSPULS exam
capillary refill bilaterally; perform lymph node
flow in three bullets.
inspection and palpation in standard head/neck →
axilla → groin sequence while maintaining draping
and patient comfort.
What patient positioning is Patient seated upright, relaxed, properly draped, with
recommended for seated exposure of the chest as needed and auscultation on
auscultation of heart skin.
sounds?
Which four valve areas are Aortic (R 2nd ICS), Pulmonic (L 2nd ICS), Tricuspid (L
routinely auscultated with 4th ICS parasternal), Mitral (apex, L 5th ICS MCL).
the diaphragm?
When and how is the bell Use the bell at the apex in the left lateral decubitus
used during the CV exam? position to accentuate low- frequency sounds like
mitral stenosis and S3/S4.
How do you position the Have the patient lean forward, exhale and hold
patient to accentuate aortic expiration; auscultate the left sternal border and right
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS\VERIFIED 100% ALREADY GRADED
A+\BRAND NEW!!
When counting an irregular Measure for a full 60 seconds.
heart rate, how long should
you measure the pulse?
For routine pulse Count for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 to get beats per minute.
measurement, what
shortcut is typically used?
Give the pulse amplitude 4 = bounding; 3 = full; 2 = normal; 1 = diminished; 0 = absent.
grading scale and what 2 and
0 mean.
Name six common Carotid, Brachial, Radial, Femoral, Posterior tibial, Dorsalis pedis
peripheral pulse points to (also popliteal).
palpate bilaterally.
How should respirations By inspection for one minute, preferably without the
ideally be counted? patient knowing; or continue holding the wrist after
pulse count to observe chest rise.
State patient positioning Seated, rested 5 minutes, feet flat and uncrossed, back
and preparatory steps for supported, arm bared and at heart level on hard
accurate seated blood surface, ask about recent caffeine/smoking/exercise.
pressure measurement.
Bladder length ≈ 80% of arm circumference and
What is the 80/40 rule for BP
cuff sizing? bladder width ≥ 40% of arm circumference (or bladder
width covers ~40% elbow-to-shoulder).
Inflate cuff while palpating radial pulse, note the
Describe how to estimate
pressure where pulse disappears; use ~20-30 mm Hg
systolic pressure by
above that for auscultatory measurement to avoid
palpation before
auscultatory gap error.
auscultation.
,At what rate should you Gradually at about 2-3 mm Hg per second.
deflate the BP cuff during
auscultation?
What Korotkoff phase Systolic = Phase 1 (first two consecutive beats); Diastolic
indicates systolic pressure = Phase 5 (silence) or Phase 4 (muffling) if Phase 5
and which phase indicates absent.
diastolic (Phase 5
preferred)?
A transient disappearance of Korotkoff sounds
What is an auscultatory gap
between phases that can lead to underestimating
and why is it clinically
systolic or overestimating diastolic pressure; avoidable
important?
by palpatory estimate first.
How is pulse pressure Pulse pressure = Systolic − Diastolic; normal ≈ 30-40 mm Hg.
calculated and what typical
range suggests normal?
How many Multiple measurements: typically 3 separate
measurements/days are measurements on 3 separate days support diagnosis.
recommended before
diagnosing hypertension?
During peripheral pulse Capillary refill; normal < 2 seconds.
exam what simple test
assesses peripheral perfusion
and what is normal?
When assessing lower 1+ to 4+ with increasing mm of indentation (approx 2, 4, 6, 8 mm
extremity edema, what is respectively).
the pitting scale used?
Approximately how many Around 600; superficial nodes are accessible by
lymph nodes are in the inspection and palpation and give early clues to
body and why are infection or malignancy.
superficial nodes clinically
useful?
Name at least five Occipital, Postauricular, Preauricular, Submandibular,
superficial lymph node Submental, Anterior cervical, Posterior cervical,
chains to inspect on the Supraclavicular, Axillary, Epitrochlear.
head/neck and upper
extremity.
, What three node Hardness (firm → malignancy), non-tenderness/rapid
characteristics raise painless enlargement (→ malignancy), matted nodes (→
concern for malignancy possible malignancy or chronic TB/sarcoidosis).
versus inflammation?
What are "shotty" nodes Small, firm, discrete nodes like buckshot; often benign or
and what clinical context is reactive (e.g., viral infections).
typical?
Why are palpable They are abnormal in adults and often indicate malignancy until
supraclavicular nodes proven otherwise.
considered especially
concerning?
Give three procedural or Appropriate draping; signposting before exposure or
patient‑respect behaviors palpation of neck/abdomen/groin/axilla; thank the
required throughout the patient afterward.
ViSPULS exam.
What should you always Systolic and diastolic values, cuff size, arm used, and
record when documenting patient position (if not seated), and note repeat
blood pressure measurement if taken.
measurements?
Repeat vitals (even if done by staff); assess pulses and
Summarize the ViSPULS exam
capillary refill bilaterally; perform lymph node
flow in three bullets.
inspection and palpation in standard head/neck →
axilla → groin sequence while maintaining draping
and patient comfort.
What patient positioning is Patient seated upright, relaxed, properly draped, with
recommended for seated exposure of the chest as needed and auscultation on
auscultation of heart skin.
sounds?
Which four valve areas are Aortic (R 2nd ICS), Pulmonic (L 2nd ICS), Tricuspid (L
routinely auscultated with 4th ICS parasternal), Mitral (apex, L 5th ICS MCL).
the diaphragm?
When and how is the bell Use the bell at the apex in the left lateral decubitus
used during the CV exam? position to accentuate low- frequency sounds like
mitral stenosis and S3/S4.
How do you position the Have the patient lean forward, exhale and hold
patient to accentuate aortic expiration; auscultate the left sternal border and right
