FRHD 1010 Midterm 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026

FRHD 1010 Midterm 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026 Scientific Method - Answers five steps which will avoid unexamined opinions and rein in personal biases Step 1 of Scientific Method - Answers begin with curiosity Step 2 of Scientific Method - Answers Form a hypothesis Step 3 of Scientific Method - Answers Test the hypothesis Step 4 of the Scientific Method - Answers drawing conclusions Step 5 of Scientific Method - Answers Report your results Nature vs. Nurture - Answers name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behaviour lifespan perspective - Answers infancy 0-2 early childhood 2-6 middle childhood 6-11 adolescence 11-18 emerging adulthood 18-25 adulthood 25-65 late adulthood 65+ Development is multidirectional - Answers Throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink. critical period - Answers A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen. sensitive period - Answers a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty Urie Bronfenbrenner - Answers Outlined layers of environment that affect a child's development, such as the child's own biology, family/community environment, and society. socioeconomic status (SES) - Answers a person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence difference-equals-deficit error - Answers the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard Acculturation - Answers the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures Development is plastic - Answers Human traits can be molded (as plastic can be), yet people maintain a certain durability of identity (as plastic does). dynamic systems - Answers A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many systems of development. differential sensitivity - Answers the idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences Theories of Human Development - Answers Psychoanalytic theory Learning theory Cognitive theory Systems theory Humanism psychoanalytic theory - Answers A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior Sigmund Freud - Answers psychoanalysis Oral phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's development birth - 1 year anal phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's development during which bowel control is learned 1-3 years phallic phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) third phase in Freud's model; child experiences pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with genital organs, unconscious sexual attraction to parent of same sex as well as guilt; fixations results in difficulty with sexual identity and authority figures 3-6 years latency phase - Answers 6-11, dormant sexual feelings genital phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the fifth and sixth sexual and social stage in a person's development occurring during adolescence Erikson's Stages of Development - Answers 1. Trust vs. mistrust (Birth to 12-18 months) 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (12-18 months to 3 years) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 years to 5-6 years 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-6 years to adolescence) 5. Identity vs. role diffusion (Adolescence) 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early adulthood) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood) 8. Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood) Trust vs. mistrust - Answers birth to 1 year Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answers 1-3 years Initiative vs. Guilt - Answers 3-6 years industry vs. inferiority - Answers 6-11 years identity vs. role confusion - Answers adolescence Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answers adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answers Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service integrity vs. despair - Answers Erikson's final stage in which those near the end of life look back and evaluate their lives Learning Theory - Answers A theory of human development that describes the laws and processes by which observable behaviour is learned. Behaviourism - Answers a learning theory based on the idea that behaviours can be trained and changed in response to stimuli in the environment conditioning - Answers the process by which responses become linked to particular stimul