PSYU1102 Final Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions68
top-down attention - ANSWERS-goal directed (voluntary)
bottom-up attention - ANSWERS-stimulus driven, reflexive
what are the two guides of visual attention? - ANSWERS-spatial and feature-based features
spatial attention - ANSWERS-the ability to focus on a particular position in space and thus to be
better prepared for any stimulus that appears in that position
feature attention - ANSWERS-enhances the representation of image characteristics throughout
the visual field, a mechanism that is particularly useful when searching for a specific stimulus
feature
inattentional blindness - ANSWERS-failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed
elsewhere
spatial neglect - ANSWERS-condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right
hemisphere resulting in an inability to recognize objects or body parts in the left visual field
T/F: most commonly right parietal lobe damage will cause neglect of left space - ANSWERS-true
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial - ANSWERS-what are the different areas of studies of
developmental psychology?
,physical development - ANSWERS-development involving the body's physical makeup, including
the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep
cognitive development - ANSWERS-study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think,
reason, communicate, and remember
psychosocial development - ANSWERS-development of individuals' interactions and
understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as
members of society
change - ANSWERS-orderly patterned, and enduring
continuities - ANSWERS-the quality of something that does not stop or change as time passes : a
continuous quality
zygote - ANSWERS-fertilized egg
blastocyst - ANSWERS-stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of
cells
embryo - ANSWERS-developing stage of a multicellular organism
foetus - ANSWERS-an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
sensitive periods - ANSWERS-times in development when a person is particularly open to
certain kinds of experiences
,teratogens - ANSWERS-agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or
foetus during prenatal development and cause harm
radiation, infections, chemicals, drugs, nicotine, alcohol, recreational drugs - ANSWERS-what are
examples of teratogens?
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - ANSWERS-a term that encompasses a range of physical,
mental, and behavioural outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
rubella virus - ANSWERS-German measles, rubella, damaged hearing in foetus which would lead
to them born deaf
duration of deprivation - ANSWERS-the length of time in early childhood development where
cognitive/regulatory development is absent due to external factors such as environment
folk psychology - ANSWERS-our informal beliefs about other people and their behaviour
developmental theories - ANSWERS-comprehensive explanations about why people act and
behave the way they do and how they change over time.
psychoanalytic theory - ANSWERS-a theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behaviour (freud and erikson)
cognitive development theory - ANSWERS-children actively construct knowledge as they
manipulate and explore their world (piaget and kohlberg)
social cognitive theory - ANSWERS-the view of psychologists who emphasize behaviour,
environment, and cognition as the key factors in development (bandura)
, ethological theory - ANSWERS-views development from an evolutionary perspective (ainsworth
and bowlby)
nature - ANSWERS-the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical
growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions
nurture - ANSWERS-nourish; educate; foster
expression - ANSWERS-the process of making known one's thoughts or feelings
environment - ANSWERS-what is expression influenced by mostly?
maturation - ANSWERS-biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour,
relatively uninfluenced by experience
motor development - ANSWERS-the progression of muscular coordination required for physical
activities
John Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANSWERS-sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
Eric Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANSWERS-Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs.
shame/ doubt, initiative vs. guilt, competence vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy
vs. isolation, generatively vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - ANSWERS-the approach that emphasizes how cognitive
development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
Complete Solutions68
top-down attention - ANSWERS-goal directed (voluntary)
bottom-up attention - ANSWERS-stimulus driven, reflexive
what are the two guides of visual attention? - ANSWERS-spatial and feature-based features
spatial attention - ANSWERS-the ability to focus on a particular position in space and thus to be
better prepared for any stimulus that appears in that position
feature attention - ANSWERS-enhances the representation of image characteristics throughout
the visual field, a mechanism that is particularly useful when searching for a specific stimulus
feature
inattentional blindness - ANSWERS-failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed
elsewhere
spatial neglect - ANSWERS-condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right
hemisphere resulting in an inability to recognize objects or body parts in the left visual field
T/F: most commonly right parietal lobe damage will cause neglect of left space - ANSWERS-true
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial - ANSWERS-what are the different areas of studies of
developmental psychology?
,physical development - ANSWERS-development involving the body's physical makeup, including
the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep
cognitive development - ANSWERS-study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think,
reason, communicate, and remember
psychosocial development - ANSWERS-development of individuals' interactions and
understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as
members of society
change - ANSWERS-orderly patterned, and enduring
continuities - ANSWERS-the quality of something that does not stop or change as time passes : a
continuous quality
zygote - ANSWERS-fertilized egg
blastocyst - ANSWERS-stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of
cells
embryo - ANSWERS-developing stage of a multicellular organism
foetus - ANSWERS-an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
sensitive periods - ANSWERS-times in development when a person is particularly open to
certain kinds of experiences
,teratogens - ANSWERS-agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or
foetus during prenatal development and cause harm
radiation, infections, chemicals, drugs, nicotine, alcohol, recreational drugs - ANSWERS-what are
examples of teratogens?
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - ANSWERS-a term that encompasses a range of physical,
mental, and behavioural outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
rubella virus - ANSWERS-German measles, rubella, damaged hearing in foetus which would lead
to them born deaf
duration of deprivation - ANSWERS-the length of time in early childhood development where
cognitive/regulatory development is absent due to external factors such as environment
folk psychology - ANSWERS-our informal beliefs about other people and their behaviour
developmental theories - ANSWERS-comprehensive explanations about why people act and
behave the way they do and how they change over time.
psychoanalytic theory - ANSWERS-a theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behaviour (freud and erikson)
cognitive development theory - ANSWERS-children actively construct knowledge as they
manipulate and explore their world (piaget and kohlberg)
social cognitive theory - ANSWERS-the view of psychologists who emphasize behaviour,
environment, and cognition as the key factors in development (bandura)
, ethological theory - ANSWERS-views development from an evolutionary perspective (ainsworth
and bowlby)
nature - ANSWERS-the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical
growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions
nurture - ANSWERS-nourish; educate; foster
expression - ANSWERS-the process of making known one's thoughts or feelings
environment - ANSWERS-what is expression influenced by mostly?
maturation - ANSWERS-biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour,
relatively uninfluenced by experience
motor development - ANSWERS-the progression of muscular coordination required for physical
activities
John Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANSWERS-sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
Eric Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANSWERS-Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs.
shame/ doubt, initiative vs. guilt, competence vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy
vs. isolation, generatively vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - ANSWERS-the approach that emphasizes how cognitive
development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
