Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
1. A woman diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder has been prescribed oral
paroxetine hydrochloride. What is the expected effect for this prescription?
A. Curative effect on symptoms
B. Systemic effect on symptoms
C. Local effect on symptoms
D. Parenteral effect on symptoms
ANS: B
Rationale: Drugs that produce systemic effects are taken into the body, circulated through
the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated
from the body. Curative agents are given to cure a disease process. In this case, paroxetine
hydrochloride will control the symptoms but not cure the disorder. Drugs with local
effects, such as sunscreen and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application.
Paroxetine hydrochloride is not administered parenterally. Parenteral agents are
administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A client has been prescribed an antibiotic. This medication is a naturally occurring
substance that has been chemically modified. What is another name for this type of
medication?
A. Synthetic drug
B. Semisynthetic drug
C. Biotechnology drug
D. Prototype drug
ANS: B
Rationale: Semisynthetic drugs (e.g., many antibiotics) are naturally occurring substances
that have been chemically modified. Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their
chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic
reactions. Biotechnology drugs involve manipulating DNA and RNA and recombining
genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms. Prototype drugs are
the first drug of a particular group to be developed.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
3. Which classification applies to morphine?
A. Central nervous system depressant
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, B. Anti-inflammatory
C. Antihypertensive
ANS: A
Rationale: Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their
therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics. Morphine is classified as a central
nervous system depressant and will produce this effect in the client. A central nervous
system stimulant increases attention and raises mood. An anti-inflammatory agent
decreases inflammation at the site of tissue or joint inflammation. An antihypertensive
agent reduces blood pressure.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A client is administered amoxicillin. The client's medication belongs to what group?
A. tetracyclines
B. cephalosporins
C. beta-lactam antibiotics
D. macrolides
ANS: C
Rationale: Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, not a cephalosporin, tetracycline, or
macrolide.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
5. The administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is regulated by which U.S. government
agency?
A. Public Health Service
B. Federal Trade Commission
C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
D. Food and Drug Administration
ANS: D
Rationale: The Food and Drug Administration approves drugs for over-the-counter
availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status, and may
require clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of OTC use. The Public
Health Service is regulated by the state to maintain the health of individual citizens of the
state. The Federal Trade Commission regulates imports and exports throughout the nation.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates safety within the workplace.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
2|Page
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, TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
6. In the United States, the administration of anabolic steroids is regulated by which law?
A. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
B. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
C. The Harrison Narcotic Act
D. The Sherley Amendment
ANS: B
Rationale: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act regulates the
manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and
anabolic steroids. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 revised and broadened FDA
powers and responsibilities, giving the FDA control over drug safety. The Harrison
Narcotic Act restricted the importation, manufacture, sale, and use of opium, cocaine,
marijuana, and other drugs that the act defined as narcotics. The Sherley Amendment of
1912 prohibited fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
7. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the potential uses and effects of a new drug are determined by
which method?
A. Administering doses to healthy volunteers
B. Administering doses to people with the disease
C. Administering in placebo-controlled design
D. Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio
ANS: A
Rationale: Phase 1 studies allow for the administration of the medication to healthy
volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism,
excretion, and toxicity. In Phase 2 studies, a few doses are given to a certain number of
subjects with the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied and responses are
compared with those of healthy subjects. Placebo-controlled designs are used in Phase 3
studies, in which half of the subjects receive the new drug and half receive the placebo.
Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio is used in Phase 2 studies to determine whether the
potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
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, 8. A new medication for the treatment of Alzheimer disease is being administered to a select
group of clients with the disease. This testing occurs in which phase?
A. phase 1
B. phase 2
C. phase 3
D. phase 4
ANS: B
Rationale: In phase 1 of a drug trial, a few doses are given to a certain number of healthy
volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism,
excretion, and toxicity. In phase 2, a few doses are given to a certain number of subjects
with the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied and responses are
compared with those of healthy subjects. In phase 3, the drug is given to a larger and more
representative group of subjects. In double-blind, placebo-controlled designs, half of the
subjects receive the new drug and half receive a placebo (an inactive substance similar in
appearance to the actual drug), with neither subjects nor researchers knowing which
subjects receive which formulation. In phase 4, the FDA evaluates the data from the first
three phases for drug safety and effectiveness, allows the drug to be marketed for general
use, and requires manufacturers to continue monitoring the drug's effects.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
9. A client has been recruited into phase 1 of a drug trial. The client's participation in this
process is governed by what agency?
A. The American Medical Association (AMA)
B. The American Pharmaceutical Association (APA)
C. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D. The U.S. Pharmacopeia
ANS: C
Rationale: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for approving
new drugs in the United States. The American Medical Association represents the health
care providers of the United States. The American Pharmaceutical Association represents
the pharmacists of the United States. The U.S. Pharmacopeia was adopted in 1906 and is
issued every 5 years under the supervision of a national committee of pharmacists,
scientists, and health care providers to provide information concerning drug purity and
strength.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
4|Page
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1. A woman diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder has been prescribed oral
paroxetine hydrochloride. What is the expected effect for this prescription?
A. Curative effect on symptoms
B. Systemic effect on symptoms
C. Local effect on symptoms
D. Parenteral effect on symptoms
ANS: B
Rationale: Drugs that produce systemic effects are taken into the body, circulated through
the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues, and eventually eliminated
from the body. Curative agents are given to cure a disease process. In this case, paroxetine
hydrochloride will control the symptoms but not cure the disorder. Drugs with local
effects, such as sunscreen and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application.
Paroxetine hydrochloride is not administered parenterally. Parenteral agents are
administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A client has been prescribed an antibiotic. This medication is a naturally occurring
substance that has been chemically modified. What is another name for this type of
medication?
A. Synthetic drug
B. Semisynthetic drug
C. Biotechnology drug
D. Prototype drug
ANS: B
Rationale: Semisynthetic drugs (e.g., many antibiotics) are naturally occurring substances
that have been chemically modified. Synthetic drugs are more standardized in their
chemical characteristics, more consistent in their effects, and less likely to produce allergic
reactions. Biotechnology drugs involve manipulating DNA and RNA and recombining
genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living organisms. Prototype drugs are
the first drug of a particular group to be developed.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
3. Which classification applies to morphine?
A. Central nervous system depressant
1|Page
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, B. Anti-inflammatory
C. Antihypertensive
ANS: A
Rationale: Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their
therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics. Morphine is classified as a central
nervous system depressant and will produce this effect in the client. A central nervous
system stimulant increases attention and raises mood. An anti-inflammatory agent
decreases inflammation at the site of tissue or joint inflammation. An antihypertensive
agent reduces blood pressure.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A client is administered amoxicillin. The client's medication belongs to what group?
A. tetracyclines
B. cephalosporins
C. beta-lactam antibiotics
D. macrolides
ANS: C
Rationale: Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, not a cephalosporin, tetracycline, or
macrolide.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
5. The administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is regulated by which U.S. government
agency?
A. Public Health Service
B. Federal Trade Commission
C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
D. Food and Drug Administration
ANS: D
Rationale: The Food and Drug Administration approves drugs for over-the-counter
availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status, and may
require clinical trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of OTC use. The Public
Health Service is regulated by the state to maintain the health of individual citizens of the
state. The Federal Trade Commission regulates imports and exports throughout the nation.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates safety within the workplace.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 7-8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
2|Page
Downloaded by: faouzimouad | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
6. In the United States, the administration of anabolic steroids is regulated by which law?
A. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
B. The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
C. The Harrison Narcotic Act
D. The Sherley Amendment
ANS: B
Rationale: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act regulates the
manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and
anabolic steroids. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 revised and broadened FDA
powers and responsibilities, giving the FDA control over drug safety. The Harrison
Narcotic Act restricted the importation, manufacture, sale, and use of opium, cocaine,
marijuana, and other drugs that the act defined as narcotics. The Sherley Amendment of
1912 prohibited fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
7. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the potential uses and effects of a new drug are determined by
which method?
A. Administering doses to healthy volunteers
B. Administering doses to people with the disease
C. Administering in placebo-controlled design
D. Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio
ANS: A
Rationale: Phase 1 studies allow for the administration of the medication to healthy
volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism,
excretion, and toxicity. In Phase 2 studies, a few doses are given to a certain number of
subjects with the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied and responses are
compared with those of healthy subjects. Placebo-controlled designs are used in Phase 3
studies, in which half of the subjects receive the new drug and half receive the placebo.
Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio is used in Phase 2 studies to determine whether the
potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
3|Page
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Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, 8. A new medication for the treatment of Alzheimer disease is being administered to a select
group of clients with the disease. This testing occurs in which phase?
A. phase 1
B. phase 2
C. phase 3
D. phase 4
ANS: B
Rationale: In phase 1 of a drug trial, a few doses are given to a certain number of healthy
volunteers to determine safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism,
excretion, and toxicity. In phase 2, a few doses are given to a certain number of subjects
with the disease or symptom for which the drug is being studied and responses are
compared with those of healthy subjects. In phase 3, the drug is given to a larger and more
representative group of subjects. In double-blind, placebo-controlled designs, half of the
subjects receive the new drug and half receive a placebo (an inactive substance similar in
appearance to the actual drug), with neither subjects nor researchers knowing which
subjects receive which formulation. In phase 4, the FDA evaluates the data from the first
three phases for drug safety and effectiveness, allows the drug to be marketed for general
use, and requires manufacturers to continue monitoring the drug's effects.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Understand
NOT: Multiple Choice
9. A client has been recruited into phase 1 of a drug trial. The client's participation in this
process is governed by what agency?
A. The American Medical Association (AMA)
B. The American Pharmaceutical Association (APA)
C. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D. The U.S. Pharmacopeia
ANS: C
Rationale: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for approving
new drugs in the United States. The American Medical Association represents the health
care providers of the United States. The American Pharmaceutical Association represents
the pharmacists of the United States. The U.S. Pharmacopeia was adopted in 1906 and is
issued every 5 years under the supervision of a national committee of pharmacists,
scientists, and health care providers to provide information concerning drug purity and
strength.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: The Foundation of Pharmacology: Quality and Safety
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level:
Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
4|Page
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