BIOLOGY 1407 - QUIZ 2 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
virus - Correct Answers -nucleic acid genome surrounded by a capsid
why are viruses "borrowed life" - Correct Answers -they have genetic material but
cannot reproduce without a host cell
viral genome - Correct Answers -double or single stranded;
DNA or RNA;
linear, circular, or segmented
virus host range - Correct Answers -species that a particular virus can infect
capsid - Correct Answers -protein shell of virus genome
viral envelope - Correct Answers -surrounds capsid with materials from host cell
lytic cycle - Correct Answers -copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then
bursts open, releasing new viruses
lysogenic cycle - Correct Answers -virus integrates into host genome
CRISPR Cas 9 system - Correct Answers -each spacer sequence corresponds to DNA;
can delete or insert;
acts with "guide RNA"
how do bacteria defend themselves from phages? - Correct Answers -CRISPR cas
system
bacteria viruses - Correct Answers -bacteriophages- capsid head and protein tail
plant viruses - Correct Answers -horizontal- thru damaged cell walls
vertical- inherited from parent
prions - Correct Answers -misfolded proteins that can cause brain diseases in animals
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction - Correct Answers -reverse
transcriptase + mRNA = complementary DNA (cDNA)
, retroviruses - Correct Answers -use reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome
into DNA
totipotent - Correct Answers -cells capable of becoming ANY cell type
pluripotent - Correct Answers -Cells capable of becoming MOST cell types
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) - Correct Answers -can be generated by
reprogramming differentiated cells
eukaryote-bacterial incompatibility - Correct Answers -avoided by using eukaryotic cells
as hosts for cloning and expressing genes
transposons - Correct Answers -jumping genes
genetic engineering - Correct Answers -manipulation of genes
genetic engineering/modification examples - Correct Answers -microorganisms to
extract minerals or degrade waste; increase nutrition of crops
DNA sequencing - Correct Answers -determines a gene's complete nucleotide
sequence
next generation sequencing - Correct Answers -sequencing by synthesis
third generation sequencing - Correct Answers -sequence long DNA molecules as they
pass thru a nanopore
spectrophotometry - Correct Answers -fluorescent colors assigned to the bases
plasmids - Correct Answers -small circular DNA that self replicates
recombinant DNA molecule - Correct Answers -contains DNA from 2 sources, by
inserting DNA into a plasmid
gene cloning - Correct Answers -produce multiple copies of a single gene
restriction enzymes - Correct Answers -cut DNA at specific sequences
blunt end - Correct Answers -orientation can vary
sticky end - Correct Answers -oriented to fit with specific sequences
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Correct Answers -produces copies of a target DNA
segment
CORRECT ANSWERS
virus - Correct Answers -nucleic acid genome surrounded by a capsid
why are viruses "borrowed life" - Correct Answers -they have genetic material but
cannot reproduce without a host cell
viral genome - Correct Answers -double or single stranded;
DNA or RNA;
linear, circular, or segmented
virus host range - Correct Answers -species that a particular virus can infect
capsid - Correct Answers -protein shell of virus genome
viral envelope - Correct Answers -surrounds capsid with materials from host cell
lytic cycle - Correct Answers -copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then
bursts open, releasing new viruses
lysogenic cycle - Correct Answers -virus integrates into host genome
CRISPR Cas 9 system - Correct Answers -each spacer sequence corresponds to DNA;
can delete or insert;
acts with "guide RNA"
how do bacteria defend themselves from phages? - Correct Answers -CRISPR cas
system
bacteria viruses - Correct Answers -bacteriophages- capsid head and protein tail
plant viruses - Correct Answers -horizontal- thru damaged cell walls
vertical- inherited from parent
prions - Correct Answers -misfolded proteins that can cause brain diseases in animals
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction - Correct Answers -reverse
transcriptase + mRNA = complementary DNA (cDNA)
, retroviruses - Correct Answers -use reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome
into DNA
totipotent - Correct Answers -cells capable of becoming ANY cell type
pluripotent - Correct Answers -Cells capable of becoming MOST cell types
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) - Correct Answers -can be generated by
reprogramming differentiated cells
eukaryote-bacterial incompatibility - Correct Answers -avoided by using eukaryotic cells
as hosts for cloning and expressing genes
transposons - Correct Answers -jumping genes
genetic engineering - Correct Answers -manipulation of genes
genetic engineering/modification examples - Correct Answers -microorganisms to
extract minerals or degrade waste; increase nutrition of crops
DNA sequencing - Correct Answers -determines a gene's complete nucleotide
sequence
next generation sequencing - Correct Answers -sequencing by synthesis
third generation sequencing - Correct Answers -sequence long DNA molecules as they
pass thru a nanopore
spectrophotometry - Correct Answers -fluorescent colors assigned to the bases
plasmids - Correct Answers -small circular DNA that self replicates
recombinant DNA molecule - Correct Answers -contains DNA from 2 sources, by
inserting DNA into a plasmid
gene cloning - Correct Answers -produce multiple copies of a single gene
restriction enzymes - Correct Answers -cut DNA at specific sequences
blunt end - Correct Answers -orientation can vary
sticky end - Correct Answers -oriented to fit with specific sequences
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Correct Answers -produces copies of a target DNA
segment
