FNDH 400 Exam 1 With complete solu on RATED A+
NEW EDITION
Carbohydrates are made of - Ans Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - Ans Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - Ans fa y acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - Ans Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients defini on - Ans Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients defini on - Ans Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but s ll important
What are the macronutrients? - Ans Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - Ans Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - Ans COMPOUNDS essen al for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - Ans ELEMENTS essen al for normal physiological processes in the body
What is a calorie? - Ans Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
,How are kcals determined - Ans A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the energy output is
determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - Ans Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical defini on - Ans Compounds found in plants that are believed to provide healthy
benefits beyond the tradi onal nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) - Ans
Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. - Ans
fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - Ans Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide healthy benefits
beyond the tradi onal nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - Ans Lutein and Zeaxanthin - yellow
carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Func onal food defin on - Ans A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health benefit
beyond the tradi onal nutrients it contains
, Scien fic method - Ans
3 types of studies - Ans Cross-sec onal: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospec ve cohort: future
Cross-sec onal study - Ans Compare different popula ons at the same point in me
Example of a cross-sec onal study - Ans French paradox. Despite consuming same amount of
cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to
research into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - Ans Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which as
individuals they do not
Case control study - Ans Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospec ve
OBen uses food frequency ques onnaires
Prospec ve Cohort study - Ans Ini al informa on on a group collected (food frequency
ques onnaire) and then group is followed over me to quan fy health outcomes of the
individual
Framingham Heart Study - Ans Started in 1948
Following residents to iden fy risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - Ans Started in 1976
NEW EDITION
Carbohydrates are made of - Ans Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - Ans Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - Ans fa y acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - Ans Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients defini on - Ans Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients defini on - Ans Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but s ll important
What are the macronutrients? - Ans Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - Ans Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - Ans COMPOUNDS essen al for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - Ans ELEMENTS essen al for normal physiological processes in the body
What is a calorie? - Ans Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
,How are kcals determined - Ans A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the energy output is
determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - Ans Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical defini on - Ans Compounds found in plants that are believed to provide healthy
benefits beyond the tradi onal nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) - Ans
Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. - Ans
fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - Ans Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide healthy benefits
beyond the tradi onal nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - Ans Lutein and Zeaxanthin - yellow
carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Func onal food defin on - Ans A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health benefit
beyond the tradi onal nutrients it contains
, Scien fic method - Ans
3 types of studies - Ans Cross-sec onal: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospec ve cohort: future
Cross-sec onal study - Ans Compare different popula ons at the same point in me
Example of a cross-sec onal study - Ans French paradox. Despite consuming same amount of
cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to
research into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - Ans Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which as
individuals they do not
Case control study - Ans Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospec ve
OBen uses food frequency ques onnaires
Prospec ve Cohort study - Ans Ini al informa on on a group collected (food frequency
ques onnaire) and then group is followed over me to quan fy health outcomes of the
individual
Framingham Heart Study - Ans Started in 1948
Following residents to iden fy risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - Ans Started in 1976
