1|Page © copyright 2025/2026 | Grade A+
NSG 3280 (patho): EXAM 1 chapter 4 pages 62-79 NCLEX style questions and
Answers with 100% Complete Solutions UPDATED!!!
What is the primary cause of cellular injury during ischemia?
A. Increased production of ATP
B. Accumulation of lactic acid
C. Decrease in intracellular calcium
D. Activation of the immune response - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia reduces oxygen delivery, leading to
anaerobic metabolism and the accumulation of lactic acid,
which decreases intracellular pH and contributes to cellular
injury.
Which of the following is a reversible cellular injury?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Hydropic swelling
D. Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER Answer: C
Rationale: Hydropic swelling occurs when cells accumulate
water due to a failure of ion pumps. This is typically reversible if
the stressor is removed.
, 2|Page © copyright 2025/2026 | Grade A+
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell
size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual
cells, often in response to increased workload or demand.
A 65-year-old patient has an enlarged prostate due to an
increase in the number of cells. This is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of
cells, often seen in tissues with high regenerative capacity.
What is the primary characteristic of apoptosis?
NSG 3280 (patho): EXAM 1 chapter 4 pages 62-79 NCLEX style questions and
Answers with 100% Complete Solutions UPDATED!!!
What is the primary cause of cellular injury during ischemia?
A. Increased production of ATP
B. Accumulation of lactic acid
C. Decrease in intracellular calcium
D. Activation of the immune response - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Ischemia reduces oxygen delivery, leading to
anaerobic metabolism and the accumulation of lactic acid,
which decreases intracellular pH and contributes to cellular
injury.
Which of the following is a reversible cellular injury?
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Hydropic swelling
D. Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER Answer: C
Rationale: Hydropic swelling occurs when cells accumulate
water due to a failure of ion pumps. This is typically reversible if
the stressor is removed.
, 2|Page © copyright 2025/2026 | Grade A+
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell
size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual
cells, often in response to increased workload or demand.
A 65-year-old patient has an enlarged prostate due to an
increase in the number of cells. This is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy - ANSWER Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of
cells, often seen in tissues with high regenerative capacity.
What is the primary characteristic of apoptosis?
