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URI BIO 220 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Ans: Essential to survival and function of neurons
Preserve structure of nervous tissue
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Ans: Associated with the brain and the spinal cord
Consists of nervous tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels
Functions to process and coordinate sensory data from inside
and outside body
Motor commands control activities of peripheral organs (e.g.,
skeletal muscles)
Higher functions of brain include intelligence, memory,
learning, and emotion
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Ans: Associated with the tissue outside the CNS
Includes all nervous tissue outside CNS and ENS
Delivers sensory information to the CNS
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Carries motor commands to peripheral tissues
Nerves
Ans: Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood
vessels
Carry sensory information and motor commands
Cranial nerves
Ans: Connect to brain
Spinal nerves
Ans: Attach to spinal cord
Afferent division
Ans: Carries sensory information
From receptors in peripheral tissues and organs to CNS
Efferent division
Ans: Carries motor commands
From CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue
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Receptors
Ans: Detect changes or respond to stimuli
May be neurons or specialized cells
May be single cells or complex sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears)
Effectors
Ans: Target organs that respond to motor commands
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Ans: Controls skeletal muscle contractions
Both voluntary and involuntary (reflexes)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Ans: Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth
and cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions
Sympathetic division has a stimulating effect
Parasympathetic division has a relaxing effect
Gray matter
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Ans: Ganglia are collections of neuron bodies in the PNS
White matter
Ans: Nerves - Buncles of axons in the PNS
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
Ans: 100 million neurons in walls of digestive tract
As many or more than in spinal cord
Use the same neurotransmitters as the brain
Initiates and coordinates visceral reflexes locally
Without instructions from CNS
Can be influenced by ANS
Overview of nervous system
Ans:
Neurons
Ans: Basic functional units of the nervous system
Send and receive signals
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
URI BIO 220 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Ans: Essential to survival and function of neurons
Preserve structure of nervous tissue
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Ans: Associated with the brain and the spinal cord
Consists of nervous tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels
Functions to process and coordinate sensory data from inside
and outside body
Motor commands control activities of peripheral organs (e.g.,
skeletal muscles)
Higher functions of brain include intelligence, memory,
learning, and emotion
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Ans: Associated with the tissue outside the CNS
Includes all nervous tissue outside CNS and ENS
Delivers sensory information to the CNS
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Carries motor commands to peripheral tissues
Nerves
Ans: Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood
vessels
Carry sensory information and motor commands
Cranial nerves
Ans: Connect to brain
Spinal nerves
Ans: Attach to spinal cord
Afferent division
Ans: Carries sensory information
From receptors in peripheral tissues and organs to CNS
Efferent division
Ans: Carries motor commands
From CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Receptors
Ans: Detect changes or respond to stimuli
May be neurons or specialized cells
May be single cells or complex sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears)
Effectors
Ans: Target organs that respond to motor commands
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Ans: Controls skeletal muscle contractions
Both voluntary and involuntary (reflexes)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Ans: Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth
and cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions
Sympathetic division has a stimulating effect
Parasympathetic division has a relaxing effect
Gray matter
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
Ans: Ganglia are collections of neuron bodies in the PNS
White matter
Ans: Nerves - Buncles of axons in the PNS
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
Ans: 100 million neurons in walls of digestive tract
As many or more than in spinal cord
Use the same neurotransmitters as the brain
Initiates and coordinates visceral reflexes locally
Without instructions from CNS
Can be influenced by ANS
Overview of nervous system
Ans:
Neurons
Ans: Basic functional units of the nervous system
Send and receive signals
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
