Page |1
Bio 245 Klesath Exam 1 NCSU Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone secretion
Ans: 1.Hormonal Stimulation: stimulus for release of hormones
by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from anterior
pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in response to
change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so
insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is
released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from nervous system to
endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal
medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation
Ans: Stimulus for release of hormones by the binding of
another hormone (eg the TSH from anterior pituitary binds to
thyroid gland to release TH)
Humoral Stimulation
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: release of hormone in response to change of blood
nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so insulin is released
from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation
Ans: direct stimulation from nervous system to endocrine
gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal medulla
during fight or flight)
Steroids
Ans: lipid soluble molecules synthesized by cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids like cortisol,
mineralocorticoids, aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines
Ans: modified amino acids, water soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
Proteins
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Ans: most hormones, small chains of amino acids, water
soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones
Ans: DO NOT circulate in blood, so only affect either same cell
that produced them (autocrine) or neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic cascade,
Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid from phospholipid within
the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
Ans: -Famous eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most tissues in the body
-Stimulate pain receptors, reduce fever, increase inflammatory
response
Lipid soluble hormones:
Ans: Can cross membrane, but needs carrier protein while
circulating in blood, once unbound they can enter the nucleus
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
Bio 245 Klesath Exam 1 NCSU Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone secretion
Ans: 1.Hormonal Stimulation: stimulus for release of hormones
by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from anterior
pituitary binds to thyroid gland to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in response to
change of blood nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so
insulin is released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is
released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from nervous system to
endocrine gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal
medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation
Ans: Stimulus for release of hormones by the binding of
another hormone (eg the TSH from anterior pituitary binds to
thyroid gland to release TH)
Humoral Stimulation
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: release of hormone in response to change of blood
nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise so insulin is released
from pancreas, or fall and glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation
Ans: direct stimulation from nervous system to endocrine
gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal medulla
during fight or flight)
Steroids
Ans: lipid soluble molecules synthesized by cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids like cortisol,
mineralocorticoids, aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines
Ans: modified amino acids, water soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
Proteins
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Ans: most hormones, small chains of amino acids, water
soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones
Ans: DO NOT circulate in blood, so only affect either same cell
that produced them (autocrine) or neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic cascade,
Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid from phospholipid within
the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
Ans: -Famous eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most tissues in the body
-Stimulate pain receptors, reduce fever, increase inflammatory
response
Lipid soluble hormones:
Ans: Can cross membrane, but needs carrier protein while
circulating in blood, once unbound they can enter the nucleus
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
