NSPN 7100- Module 7 - Infant Feeding Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Graded A+
What does exclusive breastfeeding mean? - Answers Exclusive breastfeeding means that an
infant should not receive any food or drink other than human milk.
What are Health Canada's recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding? - Answers Health
Canada (2015) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for around six months, then continued
breastfeeding with the addition of complementary foods until at least two years of age in order
to provide both optimal nutrition for growth and development and immunologic protection.
What are some societal benefits to breast feeding? - Answers Convenient (ready anytime,
anywhere, no bottles, plastic nipples, or sterilizing required), Less expensive than formula,
Reduced annual health care costs, Less parental absence from work due to illness, Reduced
environmental impact (no packaging, no garbage)
What is breast milk composed of? - Answers Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Hormones, Anti-
infective properties, immune properties,
What is the major carbohydrate for human milk? - Answers The major carbohydrate for human
milk is lactose which supplies 40% of the body's caloric needs.
What is the importance of Lactose in breast millk (ie. what is the benefit)? - Answers Lactose
metabolizes readily into galactose and glucose supplying energy for brain growth and
preventing hypoglycemia. Its slow breakdown and absorption also increase calcium absorption
and facilitates the passage of meconium, which helps the excretion of bilirubin
Does the mother's diet affect the level of protein in breast milk? - Answers The level of protein in
breast milk is not affected by the mother's diet
Human milk contains different kinds of proteins but what are the major two? - Answers Whey
(lactoalbumin) and Casein (curd).
Some of the protein content in mature human milk is probably not nutritionally available to the
infant; it serves immunological purposes instead. What immunological purpose does lactoferrin
have? - Answers is an iron-binding protein that is bacteriostatic. Lactoferrin deprives pathogens
of iron which prevents an overgrowth of potentially harmful organisms (Riordan & Wambach,
2010). It also promotes lactobacillus bifidus colonization in the infant's gut which enhances the
infant's absorption of iron from human milk.
What is the main source of calories (energy) in breast milk? - Answers The main source of
calories (energy) for the infant is from fat - about 50% of the infant's caloric needs.
Human milk contains the essential fatty acids (EFAs). Why are these important? - Answers They
are important for growth, neurologic development, and visual function
The major types of lymphocytes are B and T lymphocytes. What are their functions? - Answers -
, involvement in creating antibodies targeted against specific microbes
- killing infected cells directly or sending out chemical messages to mobilize other defenses
- strengthening an infant's own immune response
Neutrophils are the most common type of WBCs (50-70%). Why is it beneficial for the infant to
have these in breastmilk? - Answers they ingest and kill foreign infectious bacteria in an infant's
digestive system. They also produce and activate other components of the immune system.
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in breast milk and why are they particularly
important? - Answers Approximately 90% of breast milk immunoglobulins are IgA. IgA
protection is especially important because it fights infection without causing inflammation
What two hormones are present in human milk? - Answers Leptin and adiponectin
what are the functions of leptin? - Answers - regulation of body fat
- regulation of food intake and body weight
- recognition of hunger
- metabolism of sugars and lipids
what are the functions of adiponectin? - Answers - metabolism of sugars and lipids
- mediates insulin sensitization in peripheral
- tissues (lower levels of adiponectin are
- associated with decreased insulin sensitivity or increased insulin resistance)
Why is it recommended that all breastfed, healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily vitamin
D supplement of 400 IU? - Answers Vitamin D supplements are recommended to prevent rickets.
What is Rickets? - Answers Rickets is a childhood bone disorder in which bones soften and
become prone to fractures and deformity. The main cause of this condition is a lack of vitamin
D.
What changes occur to the breasts to prepare for lactation? - Answers Breasts increase in size,
blood flow increases, nipples and areola enlarge, and colostrum is produced
the principle of supply and demand means the more the infant suckles and empties the breast,
the more milk is produced. What hormone causes this ? - Answers Prolactin.
What hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex (also known as the let-down reflex )? -
Answers Oxytocin
What does exclusive breastfeeding mean? - Answers Exclusive breastfeeding means that an
infant should not receive any food or drink other than human milk.
What are Health Canada's recommendations around exclusive breastfeeding? - Answers Health
Canada (2015) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for around six months, then continued
breastfeeding with the addition of complementary foods until at least two years of age in order
to provide both optimal nutrition for growth and development and immunologic protection.
What are some societal benefits to breast feeding? - Answers Convenient (ready anytime,
anywhere, no bottles, plastic nipples, or sterilizing required), Less expensive than formula,
Reduced annual health care costs, Less parental absence from work due to illness, Reduced
environmental impact (no packaging, no garbage)
What is breast milk composed of? - Answers Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Hormones, Anti-
infective properties, immune properties,
What is the major carbohydrate for human milk? - Answers The major carbohydrate for human
milk is lactose which supplies 40% of the body's caloric needs.
What is the importance of Lactose in breast millk (ie. what is the benefit)? - Answers Lactose
metabolizes readily into galactose and glucose supplying energy for brain growth and
preventing hypoglycemia. Its slow breakdown and absorption also increase calcium absorption
and facilitates the passage of meconium, which helps the excretion of bilirubin
Does the mother's diet affect the level of protein in breast milk? - Answers The level of protein in
breast milk is not affected by the mother's diet
Human milk contains different kinds of proteins but what are the major two? - Answers Whey
(lactoalbumin) and Casein (curd).
Some of the protein content in mature human milk is probably not nutritionally available to the
infant; it serves immunological purposes instead. What immunological purpose does lactoferrin
have? - Answers is an iron-binding protein that is bacteriostatic. Lactoferrin deprives pathogens
of iron which prevents an overgrowth of potentially harmful organisms (Riordan & Wambach,
2010). It also promotes lactobacillus bifidus colonization in the infant's gut which enhances the
infant's absorption of iron from human milk.
What is the main source of calories (energy) in breast milk? - Answers The main source of
calories (energy) for the infant is from fat - about 50% of the infant's caloric needs.
Human milk contains the essential fatty acids (EFAs). Why are these important? - Answers They
are important for growth, neurologic development, and visual function
The major types of lymphocytes are B and T lymphocytes. What are their functions? - Answers -
, involvement in creating antibodies targeted against specific microbes
- killing infected cells directly or sending out chemical messages to mobilize other defenses
- strengthening an infant's own immune response
Neutrophils are the most common type of WBCs (50-70%). Why is it beneficial for the infant to
have these in breastmilk? - Answers they ingest and kill foreign infectious bacteria in an infant's
digestive system. They also produce and activate other components of the immune system.
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in breast milk and why are they particularly
important? - Answers Approximately 90% of breast milk immunoglobulins are IgA. IgA
protection is especially important because it fights infection without causing inflammation
What two hormones are present in human milk? - Answers Leptin and adiponectin
what are the functions of leptin? - Answers - regulation of body fat
- regulation of food intake and body weight
- recognition of hunger
- metabolism of sugars and lipids
what are the functions of adiponectin? - Answers - metabolism of sugars and lipids
- mediates insulin sensitization in peripheral
- tissues (lower levels of adiponectin are
- associated with decreased insulin sensitivity or increased insulin resistance)
Why is it recommended that all breastfed, healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily vitamin
D supplement of 400 IU? - Answers Vitamin D supplements are recommended to prevent rickets.
What is Rickets? - Answers Rickets is a childhood bone disorder in which bones soften and
become prone to fractures and deformity. The main cause of this condition is a lack of vitamin
D.
What changes occur to the breasts to prepare for lactation? - Answers Breasts increase in size,
blood flow increases, nipples and areola enlarge, and colostrum is produced
the principle of supply and demand means the more the infant suckles and empties the breast,
the more milk is produced. What hormone causes this ? - Answers Prolactin.
What hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex (also known as the let-down reflex )? -
Answers Oxytocin
