Questions with Complete Solutions
2025-2026.
Renin inhibitors ____________ - Answer Binds tightly with renin and inhibits the cleavage.
Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I (inactive) to angiotensin II (highly active)
ACE inhibitors ____________ - Answer Reduce levels of angiotensin II through inhibition of
ACE.
Increasing levels of bradykinin through inhibition of kinase II.
Dilate blood vessels and reduce blood volume.
Revers pathologic changes in the heart and blood vessels mediated by angiotensin II and
aldosterone.
ARBS ____________ - Answer Block access of angiotensin II.
Cause dilation of arterioles and veins.
Prevent angiotensin II from inducing pathologic changes in cardiac structure.
Reduce excretion of aldosterone.
Decrease renal excretion of sodium and water.
Do not inhibit kinase II.
Do not increase levels of bradykinin.
Aldosterone antagonists ____________ - Answer Selective blockade of aldosterone
receptors in the kidney promotes excretion of sodium and water and thereby reduces blood
volume.
Calcium channel blockers: - Answer Have exact same effect on heart as beta blockers. They
suppress calcium influx and reduce force of contraction and slow heart rate and suppress
conduction through the AV node.
Common side effects of CCBs are: - Answer Constipation
LE edema