NSG 530 EXAM 1 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY
◉ Prophase. Answer: first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
◉ Metaphase. Answer: Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite
sides of cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
◉ Anaphase. Answer: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are
pulled apart
◉ Telophase. Answer: New nuclear membrane formed around each
group of 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are
produced*
◉ Nondisjunction. Answer: Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
◉ Polyploidy. Answer: condition in which an organism has extra sets
of chromosomes
◉ Triploidy. Answer: when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
, ◉ Tetrapoloidy. Answer: euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus
usually does not survive
◉ Huntington's disease. Answer: Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: Single gene disorder (CFTR gene
mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened
secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
◉ Turner syndrome. Answer: XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy
of X-affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female
genitalia, usually sterile
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY
◉ Prophase. Answer: first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
◉ Metaphase. Answer: Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite
sides of cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
◉ Anaphase. Answer: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are
pulled apart
◉ Telophase. Answer: New nuclear membrane formed around each
group of 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are
produced*
◉ Nondisjunction. Answer: Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
◉ Polyploidy. Answer: condition in which an organism has extra sets
of chromosomes
◉ Triploidy. Answer: when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
, ◉ Tetrapoloidy. Answer: euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus
usually does not survive
◉ Huntington's disease. Answer: Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: Single gene disorder (CFTR gene
mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened
secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
◉ Turner syndrome. Answer: XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy
of X-affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female
genitalia, usually sterile
