Applied Pathophysiology for
the Advanced Practice Nurse
ST
2nd Edition
UV
SOLUTIONS
IA
?_
MANUAL
AP
PR
Lucie Dlugasch
Lachel Story
OV
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for
ED
Instructors and Students
??
© Lucie Dlugasch & Lachel Story. All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without
permission is prohibited.
©MEDCONNOISSEUR
, Table of Contents
Complete Solutions Manual for Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse (2nd Edition)
Authors: Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
ISBN: 9781284255614
ST
Chapter 1: Cellular Function
UV
Chapter 2: Immunity
Chapter 3: Hematopoietic Function
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 5: Pulmonary Function
Chapter 6: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
IA
Chapter 7: Urinary Function
Chapter 8: Reproductive Function
Chapter 9: Gastrointestinal Function
?_
Chapter 10: Endocrine Function
Chapter 11: Neural Function
Chapter 12: Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 13: Integumentary Function
AP
Chapter 14: Sensory Function
PR
OV
ED
??
©MEDCONNOISSEUR
, Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse
Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
Answers/Discussion Points for Application to Practice Questions
CHAPTER 1
ST
APPLICATION TO PRACTICE (p. 21)
Scenario 1: A 40-year-old woman has a cervical cytology report with the following
findings: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Choose the tissue level the
UV
findings refer to:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscle
d. Neural
IA
Answer: a
Rationale: The outer part of the cervix, similar to other orifices that open to the outside, is lined
?_
with epithelial tissue. Specifically, the cervix is lined with thin, flat cells termed squamous cells,
which are a type of epithelial tissue. Other types of epithelial cells shape types are cuboidal and
columnar.
AP
Scenario 2: A 55-year-old woman would like to get hyaluronic injection fillers for her
“laugh lines.” Choose the tissue level the injections are administered in:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
PR
c. Muscle
d. Neural
Answer: b
OV
Rationale: The “laugh lines” are the nasolabial folds that extend from the edge of the nose to the
corner of the mouth, and hyaluronic acid is a component of connective tissue matrix. Generally,
fillers are administered into the connective tissue layer, which is a supporting structure located in
many parts of the body, such as the nasolabial fold, that can deepen, thin, or sag with aging.
ED
Scenario 3: A 40-year-old man is diagnosed with a glioblastoma. Choose the tissue level the
disease is affecting:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
??
c. Muscle
d. Neural
1
, Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse
Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
Answers/Discussion Points for Application to Practice Questions
Answer: d
ST
Rationale: A glioblastoma is part of neural tissue. Neuroglial (glial) cells are a type of neural
cells that function in a supporting role.
Scenario 4: A 72-year-old woman has a cystoscopy/biopsy report with the following
UV
findings: transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Choose the tissue level the disease is
affecting:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscle
IA
d. Neural
Answer: a
?_
Rationale: The lining of the bladder consists of urothelium comprised of transitional epithelial
cells. Transitional epithelial cells line the inside of many organs.
APPLICATION TO PRACTICE (p. 23)
AP
Review and interpret the following endometrial biopsy reports that were completed for two
women with postmenopausal bleeding.
Report 1: Atrophic Endometrium
PR
The findings of this report reveal that the cells in the lining of the endometrium have decreased
in size and number. Because the woman is postmenopausal, a likely cause of the atrophy is loss
of endocrine function (e.g., reduced estrogen) that occurs after menopause. Other causes of
atrophy include disuse, denervation, endocrine hypofunction, inadequate nutrition, and ischemia.
OV
Report 2: Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia
The findings of this report reveal that the cells in the endometrial lining have mutated into a
different size, shape, and appearance. Atypical hyperplasia, also known as dysplasia, typically
ED
has cells that are regarded as precancerous. Therefore, this report raises suspicion for a
pathologic condition such as uterine cancer.
Review and interpret the following esophageal biopsy reports that were done for two
people with history of persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease despite therapy.
??
Report 1: Low-grade dysplasia
2
the Advanced Practice Nurse
ST
2nd Edition
UV
SOLUTIONS
IA
?_
MANUAL
AP
PR
Lucie Dlugasch
Lachel Story
OV
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for
ED
Instructors and Students
??
© Lucie Dlugasch & Lachel Story. All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without
permission is prohibited.
©MEDCONNOISSEUR
, Table of Contents
Complete Solutions Manual for Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced
Practice Nurse (2nd Edition)
Authors: Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
ISBN: 9781284255614
ST
Chapter 1: Cellular Function
UV
Chapter 2: Immunity
Chapter 3: Hematopoietic Function
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 5: Pulmonary Function
Chapter 6: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
IA
Chapter 7: Urinary Function
Chapter 8: Reproductive Function
Chapter 9: Gastrointestinal Function
?_
Chapter 10: Endocrine Function
Chapter 11: Neural Function
Chapter 12: Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 13: Integumentary Function
AP
Chapter 14: Sensory Function
PR
OV
ED
??
©MEDCONNOISSEUR
, Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse
Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
Answers/Discussion Points for Application to Practice Questions
CHAPTER 1
ST
APPLICATION TO PRACTICE (p. 21)
Scenario 1: A 40-year-old woman has a cervical cytology report with the following
findings: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Choose the tissue level the
UV
findings refer to:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscle
d. Neural
IA
Answer: a
Rationale: The outer part of the cervix, similar to other orifices that open to the outside, is lined
?_
with epithelial tissue. Specifically, the cervix is lined with thin, flat cells termed squamous cells,
which are a type of epithelial tissue. Other types of epithelial cells shape types are cuboidal and
columnar.
AP
Scenario 2: A 55-year-old woman would like to get hyaluronic injection fillers for her
“laugh lines.” Choose the tissue level the injections are administered in:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
PR
c. Muscle
d. Neural
Answer: b
OV
Rationale: The “laugh lines” are the nasolabial folds that extend from the edge of the nose to the
corner of the mouth, and hyaluronic acid is a component of connective tissue matrix. Generally,
fillers are administered into the connective tissue layer, which is a supporting structure located in
many parts of the body, such as the nasolabial fold, that can deepen, thin, or sag with aging.
ED
Scenario 3: A 40-year-old man is diagnosed with a glioblastoma. Choose the tissue level the
disease is affecting:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
??
c. Muscle
d. Neural
1
, Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse
Lucie Dlugasch, Lachel Story
Answers/Discussion Points for Application to Practice Questions
Answer: d
ST
Rationale: A glioblastoma is part of neural tissue. Neuroglial (glial) cells are a type of neural
cells that function in a supporting role.
Scenario 4: A 72-year-old woman has a cystoscopy/biopsy report with the following
UV
findings: transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Choose the tissue level the disease is
affecting:
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscle
IA
d. Neural
Answer: a
?_
Rationale: The lining of the bladder consists of urothelium comprised of transitional epithelial
cells. Transitional epithelial cells line the inside of many organs.
APPLICATION TO PRACTICE (p. 23)
AP
Review and interpret the following endometrial biopsy reports that were completed for two
women with postmenopausal bleeding.
Report 1: Atrophic Endometrium
PR
The findings of this report reveal that the cells in the lining of the endometrium have decreased
in size and number. Because the woman is postmenopausal, a likely cause of the atrophy is loss
of endocrine function (e.g., reduced estrogen) that occurs after menopause. Other causes of
atrophy include disuse, denervation, endocrine hypofunction, inadequate nutrition, and ischemia.
OV
Report 2: Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia
The findings of this report reveal that the cells in the endometrial lining have mutated into a
different size, shape, and appearance. Atypical hyperplasia, also known as dysplasia, typically
ED
has cells that are regarded as precancerous. Therefore, this report raises suspicion for a
pathologic condition such as uterine cancer.
Review and interpret the following esophageal biopsy reports that were done for two
people with history of persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease despite therapy.
??
Report 1: Low-grade dysplasia
2
