IB 150 TEST 2 UIUC QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

IB 150 TEST 2 UIUC QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
KnowA2theA2structureA2andA2functionA2ofA2DNAA2-A2Ans--doubleA2helix(A2longA2chain-
likeA2moleculeA2madeA2upA2ofA2littleA2subunits,A2calledA2nucleotides

UnderstandA2howA2cytoplasmicA2determinantsA2canA2initiateA2differentialA2expressionA2ofA
2secondaryA2developA2mentalA2genes,A2includingA2SegmentationA2GenesA2andA2HoxA2Ge
nes.A2-A2Ans--
theA2eggA2cytoplasmA2isA2fullA2ofA2cytoplasmicA2determinants,A2moleculesA2thatA2impactA2
geneA2expression.A2TheA2cellA2startsA2toA2developA2aA2function,A2butA2atA2thisA2pointA2canA
2stillA2beA2changed.A2HoxA2genesA2areA2foundA2inA2bilateralA2animals


KnowA2theA2base-
pairingA2rulesA2andA2beA2ableA2toA2applyA2themA2toA2createA2complementaryA2DNAA2stran
dsA2duringA2DNAA2replication.A2-A2Ans--AcrossA2theA2helixA2
AA2onlyA2pairsA2withA2T
GA2onlyA2pairsA2withA2C
DifferentA2numbersA2ofA2H-bonds
SizeA2ofA2baseA2pairsA2consistent

UnderstandA2howA2base-pairingA2rulesA2leadA2toA2aA2semi-
conservativeA2modelA2ofA2DNAA2replication.A2-A2Ans--AcrossA2theA2helixA2
AA2onlyA2pairsA2withA2T
GA2onlyA2pairsA2withA2C
DifferentA2numbersA2ofA2H-bonds

UnderstandA2howA2ourA2genomeA2organizedA2inA2aA2karyotype,A2andA2beA2ableA2toA2labelA
2geneA2lociA2appropriatelyA2onA2chromosomes.A2-A2Ans--
TheA2positionA2ofA2aA2geneA2onA2aA2particularA2chromosomeA2isA2calledA2theA2locusA2(plur
alA2=A2loci)A2
whenA2lookingA2atA2aA2geneA2itsA2theA2coloredA2lineA2thatA2representsA2oneA2factorA2likeA2
brownA2eyesA2orA2blondA2hair

DifferentiateA2autosomalA2chromosomesA2(autosomes)A2fromA2sexA2chromosomesA2-
A2Ans--
AutosomesA2(22A2pairs)A2theA2sameA2forA2allA2organismsA2ofA2aA2species,A2don'tA2haveA2t
oA2doA2withA2determiningA2sex;A2sexA2chromosomesA2haveA2toA2doA2withA2sex,A2sexualA2f
eatures,A2etc.

DrawA2theA2sameA2chromosomeA2inA2theA2replicatedA2andA2unreplicatedA2state,A2explainA
2whyA2bothA2structuresA2representA2aA2singleA2chromosome,A2andA2thenA2labelA2theA2siste
rA2chromatidsA2inA2theA2replicatedA2chromosome.A2-A2Ans--
Unreplicated:A2aA2singleA2thread.A2Replicated:A2anA2"X"A2(twoA2threadsA2joinedA2togetherA

, 2byA2aA2centromere).BothA2representA2oneA2chromosome,A2justA2theA2XA2isA2twoA2copiesA2
ofA2it.A2SisterA2chromatids:A2theA2chromosomeA2copiesA2fromA2aA2replicatedA2chromosom
e.

DrawA2andA2identifyA2aA2cellA2ofA2anA2organismA2ofA2anyA2ploidyA2(haploid,A2diploid,A2tetra
ploid,A2etc)A2andA2chromosomeA2numberA2andA2designateA2withA2karyotypeA2formula.A2-
A2Ans--InterphaseA2EarlyA2ProphaseA2I
LateA2ProphaseA2I
MetaphaseA2I
AnaphaseA2I
TelophaseA2I/CytokinesisA2ProphaseA2IIA2
MetaphaseA2II
AnaphaseA2II
TelophaseA2II/Cytokinesis
2nA2duringA2IA2phases
nA2duringA2IIA2phases

DescribeA2theA2CentralA2DogmaA2ofA2Biology,A2andA2knowA2theA2basicA2stepsA2involved:A2
transcription,A2translation.A2-A2Ans--
Genotype:A2GeneticA2makeupA2Phenotype:A2ObservableA2features

DifferentiateA2RNAA2fromA2DNA.A2-A2Ans--RNAA2containsA2theA2sugarA2ribose
RNAA2hasA2theA2nucleobaseA2uracilA2whileA2DNAA2containsA2thymine.
DNAA2containsA2theA2slightlyA2differentA2sugarA2deoxyriboseA2(aA2typeA2ofA2riboseA2thatA2l
acksA2oneA2oxygenA2atom)

mRNAA2(messengerA2RNA)A2-A2Ans--aA2single-
strandedA2RNAA2moleculeA2thatA2encodesA2theA2informationA2toA2makeA2aA2protein

tRNAA2(transferA2RNA)A2-A2Ans--
typeA2ofA2RNAA2moleculeA2thatA2transfersA2aminoA2acidsA2toA2ribosomesA2duringA2proteinA
2synthesis


rRNAA2(ribosomalA2RNA)A2-A2Ans--
anA2organelleA2thatA2containsA2mostA2ofA2theA2RNAA2inA2theA2cellA2andA2thatA2isA2responsi
bleA2forA2ribosomeA2function

geneA2productA2-A2Ans--
theA2biochemicalA2material,A2eitherA2RNAA2orA2protein,A2resultingA2fromA2expressionA2ofA2
aA2gene

polypeptideA2-A2Ans--
AA2polymerA2(chain)A2ofA2manyA2aminoA2acidsA2linkedA2togetherA2byA2peptideA2bonds.