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UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO, UNIT2 MN551
PATHO, UNIT3PATHO, UNIT 4 PATHO,
UNIT 5 PATHO MN551, UNIT 6 PATHO,
UNIT 7 MN 551 PATHO, UNIT 8 MN 551
PATHO, UNIT 9 PATHO 551, MN 553 UNIT
1 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell
lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in
recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the
patient's anorexia and cachexia? Ans: Products of the tumor itself as
well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two
different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait
independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the
genetic explanation for this? Ans: The outcome is the result of the
interaction between collaborative genes.
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an
industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the
following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been
noted in the patient? Ans: Base pairs may have been rearranged by the
radiation exposure.
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the
greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
Ans: A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from
endocarditis
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of
cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse
practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of
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bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? Ans:
Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin
radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is
explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment.
Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? Ans:
"Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the
treatment site."
A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant
disorder. The patient and his partner are considering starting a family.
Which of the patient's following statements indicates the patient has an
adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem?
Ans: "I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health
problem."
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular
genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following
statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation? Ans:
The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the
same chromosome.
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently
diagnosed with the chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP
would recognize that which of the following statements about the
characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? Ans: Autosomes
contain the determination of an individual's sex.
The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including
foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following
statements best captures the rationale underlying the NPs advice? Ans:
Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for
adverse as well as therapeutic effects? Ans: Rapidly proliferating cells
Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would
not require extra screening for cancer? Ans: A 38-year-old female with
Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis
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A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of
lead toxicity. Which of the following assessment findings is most
congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi Ans: Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL
The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas
gangrene of a compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following
assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably expect to find
when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? Ans:
Spreading edema
A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high
school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap)
smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies
the rationale for this teaching? Ans: Cancer of the uterine cervix
develops incrementally at a cellular level.
Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of
cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? Ans: Injured cells tend
to accumulate calcium.
A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can
cause cancer and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner
during an office visit. How can the NP best respond to the woman's
query? Ans: "There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have
been shown to cause cancer in humans."
The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to
speak to a group of factory workers about the importance of wearing
gloves when working with strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint
thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes
underlies the nurse's teaching? Ans: Cell membranes are impermeable
to all but lipid-soluble substances.
A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed
at a community health clinic. Which of the following assessments would
be the health care professional's lowest priority? Ans: Tests of kidney
function
A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is
experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor
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vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely
contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells? Ans: A
reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of
diabetes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease
pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to
provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which
of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells Ans:
Facilitated diffusion
A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant
DNA technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher
best provide as a rationale for her work? Ans: The gene fragment
responsible for insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.
A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of
different tissues, and their cellular origins during the process of
development. Which of the following statements by the preceptor best
describes the process of cell differentiation? Ans: "A fertilized ovum
undergoes a series of divisions, yielding many different cell types."
A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been
found to have metastases in his liver. The patient and his family are
surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don't see how he could
have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would
underlie the reply that the care team provides? Ans: The portal
circulatory system brings venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract
into the liver.
The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of
Crohn's disease. The NP recognizes the fact that the disease involves the
inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following
types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient's pathology? Ans:
Simple columnar epithelium
An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-
gene disorder. The parents of the child have a number of questions about
the etiology of the health problem, which the physician is attempting to
address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most accurately
UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO, UNIT2 MN551
PATHO, UNIT3PATHO, UNIT 4 PATHO,
UNIT 5 PATHO MN551, UNIT 6 PATHO,
UNIT 7 MN 551 PATHO, UNIT 8 MN 551
PATHO, UNIT 9 PATHO 551, MN 553 UNIT
1 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell
lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in
recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the
patient's anorexia and cachexia? Ans: Products of the tumor itself as
well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two
different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait
independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the
genetic explanation for this? Ans: The outcome is the result of the
interaction between collaborative genes.
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an
industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the
following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been
noted in the patient? Ans: Base pairs may have been rearranged by the
radiation exposure.
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the
greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly?
Ans: A woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from
endocarditis
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of
cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse
practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of
, Page | 2
bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? Ans:
Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin
radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is
explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment.
Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? Ans:
"Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the
treatment site."
A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant
disorder. The patient and his partner are considering starting a family.
Which of the patient's following statements indicates the patient has an
adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem?
Ans: "I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health
problem."
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular
genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following
statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation? Ans:
The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the
same chromosome.
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently
diagnosed with the chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP
would recognize that which of the following statements about the
characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? Ans: Autosomes
contain the determination of an individual's sex.
The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including
foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following
statements best captures the rationale underlying the NPs advice? Ans:
Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for
adverse as well as therapeutic effects? Ans: Rapidly proliferating cells
Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would
not require extra screening for cancer? Ans: A 38-year-old female with
Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis
, Page | 3
A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of
lead toxicity. Which of the following assessment findings is most
congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi Ans: Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL
The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas
gangrene of a compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following
assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably expect to find
when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? Ans:
Spreading edema
A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high
school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap)
smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies
the rationale for this teaching? Ans: Cancer of the uterine cervix
develops incrementally at a cellular level.
Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of
cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? Ans: Injured cells tend
to accumulate calcium.
A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can
cause cancer and has sought clarification from her nurse practitioner
during an office visit. How can the NP best respond to the woman's
query? Ans: "There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have
been shown to cause cancer in humans."
The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to
speak to a group of factory workers about the importance of wearing
gloves when working with strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint
thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes
underlies the nurse's teaching? Ans: Cell membranes are impermeable
to all but lipid-soluble substances.
A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed
at a community health clinic. Which of the following assessments would
be the health care professional's lowest priority? Ans: Tests of kidney
function
A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is
experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor
, Page | 4
vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely
contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells? Ans: A
reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of
diabetes about the roles that glucose and insulin play in the disease
pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in order to
provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which
of the following processes allows glucose to enter body cells Ans:
Facilitated diffusion
A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant
DNA technology. Which of the following statements could the researcher
best provide as a rationale for her work? Ans: The gene fragment
responsible for insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.
A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of
different tissues, and their cellular origins during the process of
development. Which of the following statements by the preceptor best
describes the process of cell differentiation? Ans: "A fertilized ovum
undergoes a series of divisions, yielding many different cell types."
A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been
found to have metastases in his liver. The patient and his family are
surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don't see how he could
have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would
underlie the reply that the care team provides? Ans: The portal
circulatory system brings venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract
into the liver.
The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of
Crohn's disease. The NP recognizes the fact that the disease involves the
inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following
types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient's pathology? Ans:
Simple columnar epithelium
An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-
gene disorder. The parents of the child have a number of questions about
the etiology of the health problem, which the physician is attempting to
address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most accurately
