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STRUCTURAL STEEL QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are a few characteristics of steel? Ans: linear behaviour
high strength
very high modulus of elasticity
high ductility
properties are not directionally dependant (very similar in tension and
compression)
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
What is steel an alloy of? Ans: iron and carbon
What is the maximum amount of carbon present in steel? Ans: 2%
Briefly explain the production of steel. Ans: raw materials (iron ore,
coal, limestone)
heat in blast furnace (1600degC)
pig iron is molded (very high carbon contents. 4 - 5%)
oxygen or electric arc furnace
Refining Facility
continuous casting
After pig iron is formed what is the next step Ans: reduce carbon levels
through refining processes
what does an oxygen furnace do? Ans: removes excess carbon & other
impurities
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- the carbon is oxidized to carbon monoxide gas, which can be after
cleaning can be used as gas
What is Hot Rolling Ans: Hot rolling is mill process which involves rolling
the steel at a high temperature
slabs are used to make flatter products
blooms and billets used to make long products
blooms & billets are large square cross sectional slabs of steel (blooms
are larger than billets)
What is cold rolling Ans: rolling after cooling that is used for
strengthening
most structural steel is not cold rolled
common for secondary structural steels
Why is the cooling of steel carefully controlled? Ans: because the rate of
cooling has a significant affect on the microstructure
what are some methods of cooling
-water spray, water vapour or air dry methods
Other processes? Ans: annealing
tempering
electroplating
hot dip galvanizing
paint coatings
what is annealing? How does annealing affect steel? Ans: annealing is
controlled slow cooling after heating.
STRUCTURAL STEEL QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are a few characteristics of steel? Ans: linear behaviour
high strength
very high modulus of elasticity
high ductility
properties are not directionally dependant (very similar in tension and
compression)
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
What is steel an alloy of? Ans: iron and carbon
What is the maximum amount of carbon present in steel? Ans: 2%
Briefly explain the production of steel. Ans: raw materials (iron ore,
coal, limestone)
heat in blast furnace (1600degC)
pig iron is molded (very high carbon contents. 4 - 5%)
oxygen or electric arc furnace
Refining Facility
continuous casting
After pig iron is formed what is the next step Ans: reduce carbon levels
through refining processes
what does an oxygen furnace do? Ans: removes excess carbon & other
impurities
, Page | 2
- the carbon is oxidized to carbon monoxide gas, which can be after
cleaning can be used as gas
What is Hot Rolling Ans: Hot rolling is mill process which involves rolling
the steel at a high temperature
slabs are used to make flatter products
blooms and billets used to make long products
blooms & billets are large square cross sectional slabs of steel (blooms
are larger than billets)
What is cold rolling Ans: rolling after cooling that is used for
strengthening
most structural steel is not cold rolled
common for secondary structural steels
Why is the cooling of steel carefully controlled? Ans: because the rate of
cooling has a significant affect on the microstructure
what are some methods of cooling
-water spray, water vapour or air dry methods
Other processes? Ans: annealing
tempering
electroplating
hot dip galvanizing
paint coatings
what is annealing? How does annealing affect steel? Ans: annealing is
controlled slow cooling after heating.
