SHS 367 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
1. Serial processing-ANSWER- processing in which one process is completed before the next one
starts
2. Parallel processing-ANSWER- the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
3. Modular Processing-ANSWER- operates independently (syntax --> semantics)
4. Interactive Processing-ANSWER- interact and affect each other (syntax impact semantics &
vice versa)
5. bottom-up processing-ANSWER- analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up
to the brain's
integration of sensory information; based on info from the stimulus
6. top-down processing-ANSWER- information processing guided by higher-level mental
processes, as when we
construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
7. On a spectrogram, how are frequency, intensity, and time plotted?-ANSWER- Frequency -
speech sounds consist of several (y)
Time - x axis
Intensity - darkness of graph
8. Spectrogram-ANSWER- visual display of frequency, intensity, and duration of a phoneme
9. What does a spectrogram show?-ANSWER- Parallel transmission - phonemes are encoded at
the same time
with no breaks b/w phonemes
10. Segmentation problem-ANSWER- it is acoustically hard to tell where words begin and end,
but we have no trouble
perceiving them
, 11. lack of invariance problem-ANSWER- -there is no single, invariant property in the acoustic
waveform (or
spectrogram) that corresponds uniquely to a given speech sound-one phoneme can have many
diff. acoustic cues - a category of sounds that we perceive to be the same sound
12. Sources of variability-ANSWER- coarticulation, variability b/w speaker, variability within
speakers
13. Motor Theory-ANSWER- -knowledge of production is used to understand speech -addresses
lack of invariance-ANSWER- perception is based on articulator info not just signal
14. McGurk Effect-ANSWER- -a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction
between hearing and vision in
speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired
with the visual component
of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound.-a compromise b/w what is heard
and what is said
15. Top-Down Effects-ANSWER- context effect, illusions, phonemic restoration, sine-wave
speech, backward speech,
hearing messages in songs played backwards, mishearing song lyrics, understanding ppl w/
foreign accents, children
mishearing
1/7
SHS 367 Exam 2
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_e1e33x
16. Context Effects-ANSWER- -sentence/phrases are legal = best to ID-sentences that don't
semantically make sense = hard to ID
17. Illusions-ANSWER- hear (nonwords) --> perceive (real words)
18. Phonemic restoration-ANSWER- in speech perception, filling in a missing phoneme based on
contextual meaning
19. Sine-wave speech-ANSWER- Hear words in non-speech signals
20. Cohort Model-ANSWER- -in lexical access, a large number of spoken words are initially
considered as candidates but
ANSWERS 2026
1. Serial processing-ANSWER- processing in which one process is completed before the next one
starts
2. Parallel processing-ANSWER- the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
3. Modular Processing-ANSWER- operates independently (syntax --> semantics)
4. Interactive Processing-ANSWER- interact and affect each other (syntax impact semantics &
vice versa)
5. bottom-up processing-ANSWER- analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up
to the brain's
integration of sensory information; based on info from the stimulus
6. top-down processing-ANSWER- information processing guided by higher-level mental
processes, as when we
construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
7. On a spectrogram, how are frequency, intensity, and time plotted?-ANSWER- Frequency -
speech sounds consist of several (y)
Time - x axis
Intensity - darkness of graph
8. Spectrogram-ANSWER- visual display of frequency, intensity, and duration of a phoneme
9. What does a spectrogram show?-ANSWER- Parallel transmission - phonemes are encoded at
the same time
with no breaks b/w phonemes
10. Segmentation problem-ANSWER- it is acoustically hard to tell where words begin and end,
but we have no trouble
perceiving them
, 11. lack of invariance problem-ANSWER- -there is no single, invariant property in the acoustic
waveform (or
spectrogram) that corresponds uniquely to a given speech sound-one phoneme can have many
diff. acoustic cues - a category of sounds that we perceive to be the same sound
12. Sources of variability-ANSWER- coarticulation, variability b/w speaker, variability within
speakers
13. Motor Theory-ANSWER- -knowledge of production is used to understand speech -addresses
lack of invariance-ANSWER- perception is based on articulator info not just signal
14. McGurk Effect-ANSWER- -a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction
between hearing and vision in
speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired
with the visual component
of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound.-a compromise b/w what is heard
and what is said
15. Top-Down Effects-ANSWER- context effect, illusions, phonemic restoration, sine-wave
speech, backward speech,
hearing messages in songs played backwards, mishearing song lyrics, understanding ppl w/
foreign accents, children
mishearing
1/7
SHS 367 Exam 2
Study online at https-ANSWER-//quizlet.com/_e1e33x
16. Context Effects-ANSWER- -sentence/phrases are legal = best to ID-sentences that don't
semantically make sense = hard to ID
17. Illusions-ANSWER- hear (nonwords) --> perceive (real words)
18. Phonemic restoration-ANSWER- in speech perception, filling in a missing phoneme based on
contextual meaning
19. Sine-wave speech-ANSWER- Hear words in non-speech signals
20. Cohort Model-ANSWER- -in lexical access, a large number of spoken words are initially
considered as candidates but
