SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
v v
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vv Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!
v v
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
v v v v v v
v v
Measurement: Nominal,
v
v
v v
v
1
Thevquestionsv arevinv boldvfollowedv byv answers.
1. InvTablev1,videntifyvthevlevelvofvmeasurementvforvthevcurrentvtherapyvvariable.vProvidevavration
alevforvyourvanswer.
Answer:vThevcurrentvtherapyvvariablevwasvmeasuredvatvthevnominalvlevel.vThesevdrugvcategoriesv
werevprobablyvdevelopedvtovbevexhaustivevforvthisvstudyvandvincludedvthevcategoriesvofvdrugsvthev
subjectsvwerevreceiving.vHowever,vthevcategoriesvarevnotvexclusive,vsincevpatientsvarevusuallyvonv
morevthanvonevcategoryvofvthesevdrugsvtovmanagevtheirvhealthvproblems.vThevcurrentvtherapiesvar
evnotvmeasuredvatvthevordinalvlevelvbecausevtheyvcannotvbevrankvordered,vsincevnovdrugvcategoryvca
nvbevconsideredvmorevorvlessvbeneficialvthanvanothervdrugvcategoryv(seevFigurev1-
1;vGrovev&vGray,v2019).
2. Whatv isv thev modev forv thev currentv therapyv variablev inv thisv study?v Providev av rationalev forv
yourvanswer.
Answer:vThev modevforvcurrentv therapyvwasvβvblocker.vAvtotalv ofv 100v(94%)vofvthevcardiacv patients
werev receivingv thisv categoryv ofv drug,v whichv wasv thev mostv commonv prescribedv drugv forv thisvs
ample.
3. WhatvstatisticsvwerevconductedvtovdescribevthevBMIvofvthevcardiacvpatientsvinvthisvsample?vDisc
ussv whetherv thesev analysisv techniquesv werev appropriatev orv inappropriate.
Answer:vBMIvwasvdescribedvwithvavmeanvandvstandardvdeviationv(SD).vBMIvmeasurementvresultedv i
nvratio-levelv datav withv continuousv valuesv andv anv absolutev zerov (Stonev &v Frazier,v 2017).v Ratio-
vlevelvdatavshouldvbevanalyzedvwithvparametricvstatisticsvsuchvasvthevmeanvandvSDv(Grovev&vGray,v201
7;vKnapp,v2017).
4. Researchersvusedvthevfollowingvitemvtovmeasurevregisteredvnurses’v(RNs)vincomevinvavstudy:v W
hatvcategoryvidentifiesvyourvcurrentvincomevasvanvRN?
a. Lessv thanv $50,000
b. $50,000v tov 59,999
c. $60,000v tov 69,999
d. $70,000v tov 80,000
e. $80,000v orv greater
Whatv levelv ofv measurementv isv thisv incomev variable?v Doesv thev incomev variablev followv thevru
lesv outlinedvinv Figurev 1-1?v Providev avrationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:vInvthisvexample,vthevincomevvariablevisvmeasuredvatvthevordinalvlevel.vThevincomevcatego-
vriesv arev exhaustive,v rangingv fromv lessv thanv $50,000v tov greaterv thanv $80,000.v Thev twov open-ended
, 1-1
AGv1-2 Answerv Guidelinesv forv Questionsv tovBev Graded
categoriesvensurevthatvallvsalaryvlevelsvarevcovered.vThevcategoriesvarevnotvexclusive,vsincevcatego-
vries v(d) vand v(e) vinclude van v$80,000 vsalary, vsovstudyvparticipants vmakingv$80,000vmightvmarkveit
herv(d)vorv(e)vorvbothvcategories,vresultingvinverroneousvdata.vCategoryv(e)vcouldvbevchangedv tovgr
eatervthanv$80,000,vmakingvthevcategoriesvexclusive.vThevcategoriesvcanvbevrankvorderedvfromvth
evlowestvsalaryvtovthevhighestvsalary,vwhichvisvconsistentvwithvordinalvdatav(Grovev&vGray,v2019;v
Waltzvetval.,v2017).
5. Whatv levelv ofv measurementv isvthev CDSv score?vProvidev av rationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:vThevCDSvscorevisvatvthevintervalvlevelvofvmeasurement.vThevCDSvisvav26-
itemvLikertvscalevdevelopedvtovmeasurevdepressionvinvcardiacvpatients.vStudyvparticipantsvratedvt
heirvsymp-
vtoms von va vscale vof v1 vto v7, vwithvhigher vnumbers vindicating vincreased vseverityvin vthevdepression vsy
mptoms.vThevtotalvscoresvforveachvsubjectvobtainedvfromvthisvmulti-
itemvscalevarevconsideredvtovbevatvthevintervalvlevelvofvmeasurementv(Grayvetval.,v2017;vWaltzvetva
l.,v2017).
6. Werevnonparametricv orvparametricvanalysisvtechniquesvusedvtovanalyzevthevCDSvscoresvforv the
v cardiacv patientsv invthisv study?v Providev av rationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:v Parametricv statistics,v suchv asv meanv andv SD,v werev conductedv tov describev CDSv scoresvfor
vstudyvparticipantsv(seevTablev1).vCDSvscoresvarevinterval-
levelvdatavasvindicatedvinvQuestionsv5,vsovparametricvstatisticsvarevappropriatevforvthisvlevelvofvdatav(Gr
ayvetval.,v2017;vKimv&vMallory,v2017).
7. Isv thev prevalencev ofv depressionv linkedv tov thev NYHAv class?v Discussv thev clinicalv importancev
ofvthisvresult.
Answer:v Thev studyv narrativev indicatedv thatv thev prevalencev ofv depressionv increasedv withv thevgrea
tervNYHAvclass.vInvNYHAvclassvIII,v64%vofvthevsubjectsvwerevdepressed,vwhereasv11%vofvthevsubject
svwerevdepressedvinvNYHAvclassvI.vThus,vasvthevNYHAvclassvincreased,vthevnumbervofvsub-
vjectsvwithvdepressionvincreased.vThisvisvanvexpectedvfindingvbecausevasvthevNYHAvclassvincreases,vca
rdiacvpatientsvhavevmorevseverevphysicalvsymptoms,vwhichvusuallyvresultvinvemotionalvdistress,vsuchva
svdepression.vNursesvneedvtovactivelyvassessvcardiacvpatientsvforvdepression,vespeciallyvthosev inv high
erv NYHAv classes,v sov theyv mightv bev diagnosedv andv treatedv asv needed.
8. Whatv frequencyv andv percentv ofv cardiacv patientsv inv thisv studyv werev notv beingv treatedv withv
anvantidepressant?vShowvyourvcalculationsvandvroundvyourvanswervtovthevnearestvwholevpercen
tv(%).
Answer:vAvtotalv ofv 106v cardiacv patientsv participatedv inv thisv study.v Thev samplev includedv
15vpatientsvwhovwerevreceivingvanvantidepressantv(seevTablev1).vThev numberv ofv cardiacv patient
sv notv treatedv forv depressionv wasv 91v (106v –
v 15 v =v91). v The v group v percentv is v calculated vby v the v following v formula:v (groupv frequency v ÷vto
talv samplev size)v ×v100%.v Forv thisv study,v(91vpatientsv÷v106vsamplevsize)v×v100%v=v0.858v×
v100% v=v85.8% v=v86%. vThe v finalvanswer v isv rounded v to vthev nearest v wholev percentv asv directe
dv invthev question. v Youv couldv havevalsovsubtractedvthev14%vofvpatientsvtreatedvwithvantidepressa
ntsvfromv100%vandvobtainedvthev86%vwhovwerevnotvtreatedvwithvanvantidepressant.
9. Whatvwasvthevpurposevofvthev6-
minutevwalkvtestv(6MWT)?vWouldvthev6MWTvbevusefulvinvclinicalvpractice?
Answer:vHavetval.v(2018)vstated,v“Thev6-
minvwalkvtestv(6MWT)visvavmeasurevofvthevsubmaximal,vsteady-
statevfunctionalvcapacity”vofvcardiacvpatients.vThisvtestvwouldvbevavquick,veasyvwayvtovdeterminev
avcardiacvpatient’svfunctionalvstatusvinvavclinicalv setting.v Thisv functionalv statusvscorev couldv be
v usedv to v determine v the v treatment v planv tov promote v or v maintain v functional v status vof vcardiac vpatie
nts.
, AnswervGuidelinesvforvQuestionsv tovBevGraded AGv1-3
10. Howvwasvexercisevconfidencevmeasuredvinvthisvstudy?vWhatvwasvthevlevelvofvmeasurementv
forvthevexercisevconfidencevvariable vinvthisvstudy?vProvidevavrationale vforvyourvanswer.vA
nswer:vExercisevconfidencevofvthevpatientsvwithvheartvfailurev(HF)vinvthisvstudyvwasvmeasuredvwi
thvthevExercisevConfidencevScalevthatvincludedvfourvsubscalesvfocusedvonvwalking,vclimbing,vlift
ingvobjectsvofvgradedvweight,vandvrunningv(seevthevstudyvnarrative).vThisvwasvavratingvscalevwit
hvvaluesvrangingvfromv0vtov100.vThevpatients’vscoresvforvthevTotalvExercisevConfidencevscalevand
vthevsubscales vwere vconsidered vinterval-
levelvdatavandvanalyzedvwithvparametricvstatistics,vsuchvasvmeansvandvSDsv(seevthevstudyvnarrati
ve;vWaltzvetval.,v2017).
v v
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vv Grove
FULL TEST BANK!!!
v v
, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
v v v v v v
v v
Measurement: Nominal,
v
v
v v
v
1
Thevquestionsv arevinv boldvfollowedv byv answers.
1. InvTablev1,videntifyvthevlevelvofvmeasurementvforvthevcurrentvtherapyvvariable.vProvidevavration
alevforvyourvanswer.
Answer:vThevcurrentvtherapyvvariablevwasvmeasuredvatvthevnominalvlevel.vThesevdrugvcategoriesv
werevprobablyvdevelopedvtovbevexhaustivevforvthisvstudyvandvincludedvthevcategoriesvofvdrugsvthev
subjectsvwerevreceiving.vHowever,vthevcategoriesvarevnotvexclusive,vsincevpatientsvarevusuallyvonv
morevthanvonevcategoryvofvthesevdrugsvtovmanagevtheirvhealthvproblems.vThevcurrentvtherapiesvar
evnotvmeasuredvatvthevordinalvlevelvbecausevtheyvcannotvbevrankvordered,vsincevnovdrugvcategoryvca
nvbevconsideredvmorevorvlessvbeneficialvthanvanothervdrugvcategoryv(seevFigurev1-
1;vGrovev&vGray,v2019).
2. Whatv isv thev modev forv thev currentv therapyv variablev inv thisv study?v Providev av rationalev forv
yourvanswer.
Answer:vThev modevforvcurrentv therapyvwasvβvblocker.vAvtotalv ofv 100v(94%)vofvthevcardiacv patients
werev receivingv thisv categoryv ofv drug,v whichv wasv thev mostv commonv prescribedv drugv forv thisvs
ample.
3. WhatvstatisticsvwerevconductedvtovdescribevthevBMIvofvthevcardiacvpatientsvinvthisvsample?vDisc
ussv whetherv thesev analysisv techniquesv werev appropriatev orv inappropriate.
Answer:vBMIvwasvdescribedvwithvavmeanvandvstandardvdeviationv(SD).vBMIvmeasurementvresultedv i
nvratio-levelv datav withv continuousv valuesv andv anv absolutev zerov (Stonev &v Frazier,v 2017).v Ratio-
vlevelvdatavshouldvbevanalyzedvwithvparametricvstatisticsvsuchvasvthevmeanvandvSDv(Grovev&vGray,v201
7;vKnapp,v2017).
4. Researchersvusedvthevfollowingvitemvtovmeasurevregisteredvnurses’v(RNs)vincomevinvavstudy:v W
hatvcategoryvidentifiesvyourvcurrentvincomevasvanvRN?
a. Lessv thanv $50,000
b. $50,000v tov 59,999
c. $60,000v tov 69,999
d. $70,000v tov 80,000
e. $80,000v orv greater
Whatv levelv ofv measurementv isv thisv incomev variable?v Doesv thev incomev variablev followv thevru
lesv outlinedvinv Figurev 1-1?v Providev avrationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:vInvthisvexample,vthevincomevvariablevisvmeasuredvatvthevordinalvlevel.vThevincomevcatego-
vriesv arev exhaustive,v rangingv fromv lessv thanv $50,000v tov greaterv thanv $80,000.v Thev twov open-ended
, 1-1
AGv1-2 Answerv Guidelinesv forv Questionsv tovBev Graded
categoriesvensurevthatvallvsalaryvlevelsvarevcovered.vThevcategoriesvarevnotvexclusive,vsincevcatego-
vries v(d) vand v(e) vinclude van v$80,000 vsalary, vsovstudyvparticipants vmakingv$80,000vmightvmarkveit
herv(d)vorv(e)vorvbothvcategories,vresultingvinverroneousvdata.vCategoryv(e)vcouldvbevchangedv tovgr
eatervthanv$80,000,vmakingvthevcategoriesvexclusive.vThevcategoriesvcanvbevrankvorderedvfromvth
evlowestvsalaryvtovthevhighestvsalary,vwhichvisvconsistentvwithvordinalvdatav(Grovev&vGray,v2019;v
Waltzvetval.,v2017).
5. Whatv levelv ofv measurementv isvthev CDSv score?vProvidev av rationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:vThevCDSvscorevisvatvthevintervalvlevelvofvmeasurement.vThevCDSvisvav26-
itemvLikertvscalevdevelopedvtovmeasurevdepressionvinvcardiacvpatients.vStudyvparticipantsvratedvt
heirvsymp-
vtoms von va vscale vof v1 vto v7, vwithvhigher vnumbers vindicating vincreased vseverityvin vthevdepression vsy
mptoms.vThevtotalvscoresvforveachvsubjectvobtainedvfromvthisvmulti-
itemvscalevarevconsideredvtovbevatvthevintervalvlevelvofvmeasurementv(Grayvetval.,v2017;vWaltzvetva
l.,v2017).
6. Werevnonparametricv orvparametricvanalysisvtechniquesvusedvtovanalyzevthevCDSvscoresvforv the
v cardiacv patientsv invthisv study?v Providev av rationalev forv yourv answer.
Answer:v Parametricv statistics,v suchv asv meanv andv SD,v werev conductedv tov describev CDSv scoresvfor
vstudyvparticipantsv(seevTablev1).vCDSvscoresvarevinterval-
levelvdatavasvindicatedvinvQuestionsv5,vsovparametricvstatisticsvarevappropriatevforvthisvlevelvofvdatav(Gr
ayvetval.,v2017;vKimv&vMallory,v2017).
7. Isv thev prevalencev ofv depressionv linkedv tov thev NYHAv class?v Discussv thev clinicalv importancev
ofvthisvresult.
Answer:v Thev studyv narrativev indicatedv thatv thev prevalencev ofv depressionv increasedv withv thevgrea
tervNYHAvclass.vInvNYHAvclassvIII,v64%vofvthevsubjectsvwerevdepressed,vwhereasv11%vofvthevsubject
svwerevdepressedvinvNYHAvclassvI.vThus,vasvthevNYHAvclassvincreased,vthevnumbervofvsub-
vjectsvwithvdepressionvincreased.vThisvisvanvexpectedvfindingvbecausevasvthevNYHAvclassvincreases,vca
rdiacvpatientsvhavevmorevseverevphysicalvsymptoms,vwhichvusuallyvresultvinvemotionalvdistress,vsuchva
svdepression.vNursesvneedvtovactivelyvassessvcardiacvpatientsvforvdepression,vespeciallyvthosev inv high
erv NYHAv classes,v sov theyv mightv bev diagnosedv andv treatedv asv needed.
8. Whatv frequencyv andv percentv ofv cardiacv patientsv inv thisv studyv werev notv beingv treatedv withv
anvantidepressant?vShowvyourvcalculationsvandvroundvyourvanswervtovthevnearestvwholevpercen
tv(%).
Answer:vAvtotalv ofv 106v cardiacv patientsv participatedv inv thisv study.v Thev samplev includedv
15vpatientsvwhovwerevreceivingvanvantidepressantv(seevTablev1).vThev numberv ofv cardiacv patient
sv notv treatedv forv depressionv wasv 91v (106v –
v 15 v =v91). v The v group v percentv is v calculated vby v the v following v formula:v (groupv frequency v ÷vto
talv samplev size)v ×v100%.v Forv thisv study,v(91vpatientsv÷v106vsamplevsize)v×v100%v=v0.858v×
v100% v=v85.8% v=v86%. vThe v finalvanswer v isv rounded v to vthev nearest v wholev percentv asv directe
dv invthev question. v Youv couldv havevalsovsubtractedvthev14%vofvpatientsvtreatedvwithvantidepressa
ntsvfromv100%vandvobtainedvthev86%vwhovwerevnotvtreatedvwithvanvantidepressant.
9. Whatvwasvthevpurposevofvthev6-
minutevwalkvtestv(6MWT)?vWouldvthev6MWTvbevusefulvinvclinicalvpractice?
Answer:vHavetval.v(2018)vstated,v“Thev6-
minvwalkvtestv(6MWT)visvavmeasurevofvthevsubmaximal,vsteady-
statevfunctionalvcapacity”vofvcardiacvpatients.vThisvtestvwouldvbevavquick,veasyvwayvtovdeterminev
avcardiacvpatient’svfunctionalvstatusvinvavclinicalv setting.v Thisv functionalv statusvscorev couldv be
v usedv to v determine v the v treatment v planv tov promote v or v maintain v functional v status vof vcardiac vpatie
nts.
, AnswervGuidelinesvforvQuestionsv tovBevGraded AGv1-3
10. Howvwasvexercisevconfidencevmeasuredvinvthisvstudy?vWhatvwasvthevlevelvofvmeasurementv
forvthevexercisevconfidencevvariable vinvthisvstudy?vProvidevavrationale vforvyourvanswer.vA
nswer:vExercisevconfidencevofvthevpatientsvwithvheartvfailurev(HF)vinvthisvstudyvwasvmeasuredvwi
thvthevExercisevConfidencevScalevthatvincludedvfourvsubscalesvfocusedvonvwalking,vclimbing,vlift
ingvobjectsvofvgradedvweight,vandvrunningv(seevthevstudyvnarrative).vThisvwasvavratingvscalevwit
hvvaluesvrangingvfromv0vtov100.vThevpatients’vscoresvforvthevTotalvExercisevConfidencevscalevand
vthevsubscales vwere vconsidered vinterval-
levelvdatavandvanalyzedvwithvparametricvstatistics,vsuchvasvmeansvandvSDsv(seevthevstudyvnarrati
ve;vWaltzvetval.,v2017).
