NURS 5220 Exam #2: Module 4, 7, 17, 18,
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19, 20 – QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
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Unless a life-threatening situation exists, the best guide to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determining the priority for the patient's condition should be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
based on: |\
A. intuition.
|\
B. probability and utility.
|\ |\ |\ |\
C. the use of algorithms.
|\ |\ |\ |\
D. the examiner's initial favorite hypothesis. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B Probability and utility should always be your
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
guides to sequencing your actions, unless a life-threatening
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
situation exists. |\
Which of the following should be considered when determining a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
need for additional examination, testing, or procedures?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. These should be done to obtain as much data as possible.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. These should be done to attempt to get data that might be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
associated with multiple problems. |\ |\ |\
C. These should be done only when it is absolutely necessary.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. These should be done if they relate to the examiner's
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothesis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D: Clinical reasoning does
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not require a compulsive listing of all of the possible options in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis and management. Rather, it is dominated by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,hypothesis development; asking whether a particular diagnosis |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
should be made depending on its probability; and whether a test
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
may be indicated, depending on the likelihood suggested by its
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sensitivity and specificity |\ |\
Mr. Shaken is a 46-year-old patient who presents for a routine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physical examination. After you have identified and confirmed a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problem, the next step is to: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. assess the data collected.
|\ |\ |\ |\
B. formulate a clinical opinion.
|\ |\ |\ |\
C. conduct further assessment.
|\ |\ |\
D. determine the management plan. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Clinical reasoning is the process by which the information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gathered from the history and physical examination is merged
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with clinical knowledge, experience, and the current best
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evidence to formulate the next steps in patient care—
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development of the diagnostic and management plans. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The use of a computer could potentially be detrimental to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
examiner because: |\
A. It may become a substitute for critical thinking.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. computer dysfunction makes it unreliable.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. the computer is limited in the amount of data it can interpret.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. the level of skill needed to run a diagnostic computer program
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is beyond the computer skills of most examiners. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔A: There is an unacceptable temptation at times to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,substitute electronic support for critical thinking and judgment. It
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is your responsibility to artfully merge subjective and objective
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data with best evidence and your knowledge and experience to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
make a clinical judgment. |\ |\ |\
The ethical principle of utilitarianism is involved:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. when the duties of health care providers are established by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tradition and cultural context. |\ |\ |\
B. when health care providers "do no harm."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. when decisions regarding health care include appropriate use
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of |\
resources for the good of the community. Correct |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. when the interview is conducted appropriately. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔C: Utilitarianism means you should consider |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
appropriate use of resources with concern for the greater good of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the larger community.
|\ |\ |\
Which is a guideline to sound decision making?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. The underlying problem is always related to the chief
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complaint.
B Rare problems tend to have unusual presentations.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, C. Common problems occur commonly, whereas rare ones do
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not.
D. A diagnosis should be made quickly to enhance patient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
confidence. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C: Remember that common |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problems occur commonly, and rare ones do not. Common
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problems can have unusual presentations and rare ones may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
have a seemingly common complaint.
|\ |\ |\ |\
Laboratory tests should be used to: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. confirm a presumed diagnosis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. develop a list of potential problems.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. rule out all possible causes of symptoms and clinical findings.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. assist the examiner only when the data do not point to a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specific problem. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A: After a match
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between the data (both subjective and objective) and a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presumed diagnosis is made, consider the appropriate laboratory
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or radiologic studies to confirm the diagnosis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A problem is best identified as:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. something that bothers the patient.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. something that is out of the ordinary.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. something that is unexplainable.
|\ |\ |\ |\
D. something that will need further evaluation and/or attention. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D: A problem may be defined as anything
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that will need further evaluation and/or attention.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
19, 20 – QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Unless a life-threatening situation exists, the best guide to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determining the priority for the patient's condition should be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
based on: |\
A. intuition.
|\
B. probability and utility.
|\ |\ |\ |\
C. the use of algorithms.
|\ |\ |\ |\
D. the examiner's initial favorite hypothesis. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B Probability and utility should always be your
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
guides to sequencing your actions, unless a life-threatening
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
situation exists. |\
Which of the following should be considered when determining a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
need for additional examination, testing, or procedures?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. These should be done to obtain as much data as possible.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. These should be done to attempt to get data that might be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
associated with multiple problems. |\ |\ |\
C. These should be done only when it is absolutely necessary.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. These should be done if they relate to the examiner's
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
hypothesis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D: Clinical reasoning does
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not require a compulsive listing of all of the possible options in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diagnosis and management. Rather, it is dominated by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,hypothesis development; asking whether a particular diagnosis |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
should be made depending on its probability; and whether a test
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
may be indicated, depending on the likelihood suggested by its
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sensitivity and specificity |\ |\
Mr. Shaken is a 46-year-old patient who presents for a routine
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physical examination. After you have identified and confirmed a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problem, the next step is to: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. assess the data collected.
|\ |\ |\ |\
B. formulate a clinical opinion.
|\ |\ |\ |\
C. conduct further assessment.
|\ |\ |\
D. determine the management plan. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Clinical reasoning is the process by which the information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
gathered from the history and physical examination is merged
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with clinical knowledge, experience, and the current best
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evidence to formulate the next steps in patient care—
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development of the diagnostic and management plans. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The use of a computer could potentially be detrimental to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
examiner because: |\
A. It may become a substitute for critical thinking.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. computer dysfunction makes it unreliable.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. the computer is limited in the amount of data it can interpret.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. the level of skill needed to run a diagnostic computer program
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is beyond the computer skills of most examiners. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔A: There is an unacceptable temptation at times to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,substitute electronic support for critical thinking and judgment. It
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is your responsibility to artfully merge subjective and objective
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data with best evidence and your knowledge and experience to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
make a clinical judgment. |\ |\ |\
The ethical principle of utilitarianism is involved:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. when the duties of health care providers are established by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tradition and cultural context. |\ |\ |\
B. when health care providers "do no harm."
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. when decisions regarding health care include appropriate use
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of |\
resources for the good of the community. Correct |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. when the interview is conducted appropriately. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔C: Utilitarianism means you should consider |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
appropriate use of resources with concern for the greater good of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the larger community.
|\ |\ |\
Which is a guideline to sound decision making?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. The underlying problem is always related to the chief
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complaint.
B Rare problems tend to have unusual presentations.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, C. Common problems occur commonly, whereas rare ones do
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
not.
D. A diagnosis should be made quickly to enhance patient
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
confidence. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C: Remember that common |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problems occur commonly, and rare ones do not. Common
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
problems can have unusual presentations and rare ones may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
have a seemingly common complaint.
|\ |\ |\ |\
Laboratory tests should be used to: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. confirm a presumed diagnosis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. develop a list of potential problems.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. rule out all possible causes of symptoms and clinical findings.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. assist the examiner only when the data do not point to a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specific problem. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A: After a match
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between the data (both subjective and objective) and a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presumed diagnosis is made, consider the appropriate laboratory
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or radiologic studies to confirm the diagnosis.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A problem is best identified as:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. something that bothers the patient.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. something that is out of the ordinary.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. something that is unexplainable.
|\ |\ |\ |\
D. something that will need further evaluation and/or attention. -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D: A problem may be defined as anything
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that will need further evaluation and/or attention.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
