FAU Pathophysiology Exam 3 with answers

FAU Pathophysiology Exam 3 with
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answers

Pleural Effusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an abnormal collection
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of fluid in the pleural cavity
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-Occurs when the rate of fluid formation exceeds the rate of its
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removal


5 Types:
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-Transudate
-Exudate
-Purulent
-Chyle
-Sanguineous


Problem:
-Acts as a space occupying mass; causes decrease in lung
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expansion
-Diminished breath sounds |\ |\




-Hypoxemia
-Dyspnea (Increased effort or rate of breathing)
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-Chest pain especially on breathing deeply
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,Cor Pulmonale - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Right sided heart failure
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resulting from primary lung disease or pulmonary hypertension
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-Increased pressures and work result in hypertrophy and eventual
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failure of the right ventricle
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Signs:
-venous congestion |\




-peripheral edema |\




-SOB
-Productive cough |\




-Cyanosis
-Drowsiness and altered consciousness may occur from CO2 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


retention


Treatment:
-Low-flow oxygen therapy to reduce the pulmonary hypertension
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and polycythemia associated with severe hypoxemia caused by
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chronic lung disease |\ |\




Patient Teaching on Risks for Atelectasis - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Atelectasis is an incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


a lung
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Causes:
-Airway obstruction |\




-Lung compression (pneumothorax or pleural effusion)
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,-Increased recoil of the lung due to loss of pulmonary surfactant
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-Most commonly in adults caused by a mucus plug in the airway
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Prevention!
-Ambulation/Turning
-Deep breathing (Incentive spirometry)
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-Coughing


What is COPD - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Chronic Obstructive
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Pulmonary Disease |\ |\




"Blue Bloaters"
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*Leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide*
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*4th leading cause of death in the USA (More women)*
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-Approx. 24 million Americans have some degree of COPD and
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12.1 million are diagnosed
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-By the time symptoms appear the disease is far advanced
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-Chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary
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airways
-Airway obstruction is usually progressive and accompanied by
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inflammatory responses too noxious particles or gases |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\

, Includes:
-Inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchial wall |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




-Excess mucus secretion |\ |\




-Mismatch of ventilation and perfusion (cant get CO2 out)
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-Loss of elastic fibers impairs the expiratory flow rate, increases
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air trapping and predisposes to airway collapse
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Causes:
-Smoking
-Less common hereditary deficiency in a1-antitrypsin
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3 Types of COPD - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Emphysema
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-Loss of lung elasticity, abnormal, permanent enlargement of the
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airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and hyperinflation of
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the lungs |\




2. Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis
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-Caused by inflammation of major and small airways and
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characterized by edema and hyperplasia of submucosal glands |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


and excess mucus secretion into the bronchial tree
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3. Bronchiectasis
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-Less common |\




-Abnormal dilation of the large bronchi associated with infection
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and destruction of the bronchial walls
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