NUR 651 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REVIEW GUIDE //
A+ GRADED PRESENTATION // ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC REASONING CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING AND
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC
YEAR 2025/2026
The quality improvement team is reviewing quarterly incident reports and
evaluating the effect of Six Sigma strategies on the quantity of medication
errors over the past two years. The team hypothesizes a continuous
reduction in medical errors for each quarter.The sample consists of patient
clinical and demographic characteristics. Unfortunately, causation cannot
be determined from the data available.Which research method should be
used to test the team's hypothesis?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Time-series
A hospital researcher has access to one year of hospital emergency
department claims data. The researcher is investigating the association of
race on the timeliness of delivery of care. The sample includes information
on patient demographics, insurance information, and emergency
department factors. Due to patient confidentiality, the sample does not
include patient clinical information and outcomes.Which research method
should be used?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Cross Sectional
A policy analyst is interested in determining if the prospective payment
system (PPS) has improved hospital efficiency over time during the past
ten years. The sample for analysis consists of ten years of data after the
introduction of the PPS and includes measures of efficiency and other
,relevant control variables. The analyst hypothesizes that hospital efficiency
should have increased each year after the PPS was implemented.Which
research method should the analyst use?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Time-Series
Which type of data analysis could be used in quantitative research?
Reporting the gender of participants
Ranking the severity order with 1 as the worst and 4 as the best
Reporting the distribution of results or outcomes
Using categorical variables with 0=no and 1=yes
Reporting the distribution of results or outcomes
What is a characteristic of qualitative research methods?
Utilizes large sample sizes
Determines causal relationships
Generalizes results to the population
Introduces subjectivity to data collection
Introduces subjectivity to data collection
Many physician practices now utilize an electronic health record (EHR)
system that includes a secure messaging feature. Some of these practices
have extended their contact with patients by conducting virtual visits
between people with diabetes and nurses who are certified diabetes
educators. The remote technology includes the ability to monitor blood
glucose data to determine if these values are within goal range. After six
months, the results of the blood glucose levels for the group participating in
the virtual visits were evaluated.Which research method was used?
Time-series
Clinical trial
Pretest-posttest
Cross-sectional
Cross-sectional
, A researcher wants to determine whether continuity of care is improved
with the use of coordination of care documents among primary care
physicians and specialists. The researcher decides to review various
published studies to assess the clinical effectiveness of these documents
on patient outcomes.Which research method is being used?
Case study
Cohort study
Meta-analysis
Literature review
Meta-analysis
The state public health researcher wants to begin a five-year initiative to
coordinate immunizations for children in the foster care system. The results
will be compared to previous years to measure the effectiveness of the
initiative.Which research method should be used to study this initiative?
Case study
Cohort study
Longitudinal study
Pre/post-study
Pre/post-study
Using publicly reported data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, researchers want to examine the relationship between 30-day
readmissions and mortality rates for patients with heart failure at five
facilities. Before this can be done, researchers need to estimate mortality
rates and readmission rates from heart failure.Which statistical technique
should be used to calculate the estimated rates?
t-test
Analysis of variance
Regression analysis
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
Regression analysis
Researchers want to determine if a particular risk factor or risk factors are
associated with the frequency for nonelective readmission within 30 days
among patients with diabetes in a metropolitan area. The variables of
interest include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status.Which
A+ GRADED PRESENTATION // ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC REASONING CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING AND
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC
YEAR 2025/2026
The quality improvement team is reviewing quarterly incident reports and
evaluating the effect of Six Sigma strategies on the quantity of medication
errors over the past two years. The team hypothesizes a continuous
reduction in medical errors for each quarter.The sample consists of patient
clinical and demographic characteristics. Unfortunately, causation cannot
be determined from the data available.Which research method should be
used to test the team's hypothesis?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Time-series
A hospital researcher has access to one year of hospital emergency
department claims data. The researcher is investigating the association of
race on the timeliness of delivery of care. The sample includes information
on patient demographics, insurance information, and emergency
department factors. Due to patient confidentiality, the sample does not
include patient clinical information and outcomes.Which research method
should be used?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Cross Sectional
A policy analyst is interested in determining if the prospective payment
system (PPS) has improved hospital efficiency over time during the past
ten years. The sample for analysis consists of ten years of data after the
introduction of the PPS and includes measures of efficiency and other
,relevant control variables. The analyst hypothesizes that hospital efficiency
should have increased each year after the PPS was implemented.Which
research method should the analyst use?
Time-Series
Cross-Sectional
Pretest-posttest
Randomized Control Trial
Time-Series
Which type of data analysis could be used in quantitative research?
Reporting the gender of participants
Ranking the severity order with 1 as the worst and 4 as the best
Reporting the distribution of results or outcomes
Using categorical variables with 0=no and 1=yes
Reporting the distribution of results or outcomes
What is a characteristic of qualitative research methods?
Utilizes large sample sizes
Determines causal relationships
Generalizes results to the population
Introduces subjectivity to data collection
Introduces subjectivity to data collection
Many physician practices now utilize an electronic health record (EHR)
system that includes a secure messaging feature. Some of these practices
have extended their contact with patients by conducting virtual visits
between people with diabetes and nurses who are certified diabetes
educators. The remote technology includes the ability to monitor blood
glucose data to determine if these values are within goal range. After six
months, the results of the blood glucose levels for the group participating in
the virtual visits were evaluated.Which research method was used?
Time-series
Clinical trial
Pretest-posttest
Cross-sectional
Cross-sectional
, A researcher wants to determine whether continuity of care is improved
with the use of coordination of care documents among primary care
physicians and specialists. The researcher decides to review various
published studies to assess the clinical effectiveness of these documents
on patient outcomes.Which research method is being used?
Case study
Cohort study
Meta-analysis
Literature review
Meta-analysis
The state public health researcher wants to begin a five-year initiative to
coordinate immunizations for children in the foster care system. The results
will be compared to previous years to measure the effectiveness of the
initiative.Which research method should be used to study this initiative?
Case study
Cohort study
Longitudinal study
Pre/post-study
Pre/post-study
Using publicly reported data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, researchers want to examine the relationship between 30-day
readmissions and mortality rates for patients with heart failure at five
facilities. Before this can be done, researchers need to estimate mortality
rates and readmission rates from heart failure.Which statistical technique
should be used to calculate the estimated rates?
t-test
Analysis of variance
Regression analysis
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
Regression analysis
Researchers want to determine if a particular risk factor or risk factors are
associated with the frequency for nonelective readmission within 30 days
among patients with diabetes in a metropolitan area. The variables of
interest include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status.Which
