Comprehensive Pharmacology Mastery:
NCLEX Review Exam (Questions 1–150)
2025/2026
1. A nurse is administering digoxin to a client with heart failure.
Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
A) Potassium
Rationale: Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, so
potassium levels must be closely monitored.
2. Which medication is used as a first-line treatment for
anaphylaxis?
A) Diphenhydramine
B) Albuterol
C) Epinephrine
D) Prednisone
C) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for anaphylaxis as it
rapidly reverses airway constriction and hypotension.
3. A client is prescribed warfarin. Which food should the nurse
advise the client to consume consistently?
A) Spinach
B) Grapefruit
C) Bananas
D) Citrus juice
, A) Spinach
Rationale: Foods high in vitamin K, like spinach, can affect
warfarin efficacy. Consistency in intake is important.
4. A nurse is educating a patient about metformin. Which instruction
is most important?
A) Avoid dairy products
B) Take with meals
C) Limit fluid intake
D) Stop medication if hypoglycemia occurs
B) Take with meals
Rationale: Taking metformin with meals reduces gastrointestinal
side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.
5. Which adverse effect is most concerning for a client taking
lithium?
A) Polyuria
B) Tremors
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Toxicity
D) Toxicity
Rationale: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window, and
toxicity can be life-threatening, requiring close monitoring.
6. A client is prescribed albuterol. Which side effect should the nurse
monitor?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypotension
C) Tremors
D) Constipation
C) Tremors
, Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist, which can cause tremors
and tachycardia as side effects.
7. Which drug is considered a loop diuretic?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Spironolactone
D) Mannitol
B) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and
water reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
8. A client is prescribed a statin. Which lab value should the nurse
monitor?
A) Blood glucose
B) Liver enzymes
C) Creatinine
D) Sodium
B) Liver enzymes
Rationale: Statins can cause hepatotoxicity; therefore, liver
function tests should be monitored.
9. A patient is taking gentamicin. Which nursing action is most
important?
A) Monitor for nephrotoxicity
B) Monitor for constipation
C) Administer with meals
D) Avoid sunlight
A) Monitor for nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can be nephrotoxic,
requiring monitoring of kidney function.
, 10. Which medication is used to treat hypothyroidism?
A) Propylthiouracil
B) Levothyroxine
C) Methimazole
D) Atenolol
B) Levothyroxine
Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone used to
treat hypothyroidism.
11. A client is prescribed omeprazole. What is the primary
purpose of this medication?
A) Increase gastric motility
B) Decrease gastric acid secretion
C) Neutralize gastric acid
D) Protect gastric mucosa
B) Decrease gastric acid secretion
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that
decreases gastric acid production.
12. Which medication is a beta-blocker?
A) Lisinopril
B) Metoprolol
C) Amlodipine
D) Furosemide
B) Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a selective beta-1 blocker used to
reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
13. A client is prescribed warfarin. Which lab test indicates
therapeutic effect?
A) aPTT
B) INR
NCLEX Review Exam (Questions 1–150)
2025/2026
1. A nurse is administering digoxin to a client with heart failure.
Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor closely?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
A) Potassium
Rationale: Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, so
potassium levels must be closely monitored.
2. Which medication is used as a first-line treatment for
anaphylaxis?
A) Diphenhydramine
B) Albuterol
C) Epinephrine
D) Prednisone
C) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for anaphylaxis as it
rapidly reverses airway constriction and hypotension.
3. A client is prescribed warfarin. Which food should the nurse
advise the client to consume consistently?
A) Spinach
B) Grapefruit
C) Bananas
D) Citrus juice
, A) Spinach
Rationale: Foods high in vitamin K, like spinach, can affect
warfarin efficacy. Consistency in intake is important.
4. A nurse is educating a patient about metformin. Which instruction
is most important?
A) Avoid dairy products
B) Take with meals
C) Limit fluid intake
D) Stop medication if hypoglycemia occurs
B) Take with meals
Rationale: Taking metformin with meals reduces gastrointestinal
side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.
5. Which adverse effect is most concerning for a client taking
lithium?
A) Polyuria
B) Tremors
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Toxicity
D) Toxicity
Rationale: Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window, and
toxicity can be life-threatening, requiring close monitoring.
6. A client is prescribed albuterol. Which side effect should the nurse
monitor?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypotension
C) Tremors
D) Constipation
C) Tremors
, Rationale: Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist, which can cause tremors
and tachycardia as side effects.
7. Which drug is considered a loop diuretic?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Spironolactone
D) Mannitol
B) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and
water reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
8. A client is prescribed a statin. Which lab value should the nurse
monitor?
A) Blood glucose
B) Liver enzymes
C) Creatinine
D) Sodium
B) Liver enzymes
Rationale: Statins can cause hepatotoxicity; therefore, liver
function tests should be monitored.
9. A patient is taking gentamicin. Which nursing action is most
important?
A) Monitor for nephrotoxicity
B) Monitor for constipation
C) Administer with meals
D) Avoid sunlight
A) Monitor for nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can be nephrotoxic,
requiring monitoring of kidney function.
, 10. Which medication is used to treat hypothyroidism?
A) Propylthiouracil
B) Levothyroxine
C) Methimazole
D) Atenolol
B) Levothyroxine
Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone used to
treat hypothyroidism.
11. A client is prescribed omeprazole. What is the primary
purpose of this medication?
A) Increase gastric motility
B) Decrease gastric acid secretion
C) Neutralize gastric acid
D) Protect gastric mucosa
B) Decrease gastric acid secretion
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that
decreases gastric acid production.
12. Which medication is a beta-blocker?
A) Lisinopril
B) Metoprolol
C) Amlodipine
D) Furosemide
B) Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a selective beta-1 blocker used to
reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
13. A client is prescribed warfarin. Which lab test indicates
therapeutic effect?
A) aPTT
B) INR
