Pathophysiology BSN 346
(Chapter 1-23)
Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers
Graded A+
1. What is anaplasia? Answer: Loss of cell ditterentiation and tissue organization
2. What is the definition of pathophysiology? Answer:
(ology) the study of (pathophysi) abnormalities in physiologic
functioning due to disease or injury
3. What is etiology? Answer: The study of the causal factors that provoke a particular disease
injury
4. Define pathogenesis? Answer: A description of how etiologic factors are thought to alter
physiologic function and lead to the development of clinical manifestations that are observed in a
particular disorder or disease
5. What are the objective and subjective clinical manifestations of a
disease? Answer: -
,Objective manifestations Answer: signs found through physical exam or diagnostic tests
Subjective manifestations Answer: symptoms described by the patient
6. What are the 4 stages of an illness and what do they signify? Answer:
1) Latent- the period of incubation before a disease manifests
2) Prodromal- the first signs of disease appear, often non-specific such as body aches/fever
3) Acute- period with greatest severity of s/s
4) Convalescence- recovery
7. What is a sequela? Answer: a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease o
injury
8. What is validity? Answer: the degree to which a test measures what it says it measures.
the peabody test said it measured intelligence. however, it only tests receptive vocabulary, so that's
not valid.
9. What is accuracy? Answer: a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or
true value of whatever is measured
10. What is precision? Answer: a measure of how close a series of measurements are to
one another
11. What is a positive predictive value? Answer: probability that a pt w/ a positive
test truly has the disease.
The more specific a test, the higher its PPV
prevalence dependent Answer: the higher the disease prevalence, the higher the PPV of the test for that
disease
12. What is negative predictive value? Answer: probability that a pt w/ a neg test
,truly does not have the disease. The more sensitive a test, the higher its NPV.
Prevalence dependent Answer: the lower the disease prevalence, the higher the NPV of the test for that
disease
, 13. What is sensitivity in a test? Answer: -its ability to detect people who do have th
disease
= the percentage of the people with a disease that is correctly detected or classified
14. What is specificity of a test? Answer: - its ability to detect people who do not hav
the disease
= the percentage of the disease-free people who are correctly classified or detected
15. What are 4 examples of characteristics that effect the normalcy
in tests? Answer: Cul- tural (defines abnormal behavior)
Age Ditterences (decrease skin turgor)
Gender Ditterences (men ^RBCs)
Situational Ditterences (high altitude
^RBCs) Time variations (time of day)
16. What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of diseases
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and oth
factors relating to health.
17. What is an endemic, epidemic, and pandemic disease? Answer: Endem
Answer: disease native to local
region
Epidemic Answer: disease disseminated to many individuals at the
same time Pandemic Answer: epidemic that attects large geographic
region
18. There are 5 principal factors affecting patterns of disease in
(Chapter 1-23)
Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers
Graded A+
1. What is anaplasia? Answer: Loss of cell ditterentiation and tissue organization
2. What is the definition of pathophysiology? Answer:
(ology) the study of (pathophysi) abnormalities in physiologic
functioning due to disease or injury
3. What is etiology? Answer: The study of the causal factors that provoke a particular disease
injury
4. Define pathogenesis? Answer: A description of how etiologic factors are thought to alter
physiologic function and lead to the development of clinical manifestations that are observed in a
particular disorder or disease
5. What are the objective and subjective clinical manifestations of a
disease? Answer: -
,Objective manifestations Answer: signs found through physical exam or diagnostic tests
Subjective manifestations Answer: symptoms described by the patient
6. What are the 4 stages of an illness and what do they signify? Answer:
1) Latent- the period of incubation before a disease manifests
2) Prodromal- the first signs of disease appear, often non-specific such as body aches/fever
3) Acute- period with greatest severity of s/s
4) Convalescence- recovery
7. What is a sequela? Answer: a condition which is the consequence of a previous disease o
injury
8. What is validity? Answer: the degree to which a test measures what it says it measures.
the peabody test said it measured intelligence. however, it only tests receptive vocabulary, so that's
not valid.
9. What is accuracy? Answer: a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual or
true value of whatever is measured
10. What is precision? Answer: a measure of how close a series of measurements are to
one another
11. What is a positive predictive value? Answer: probability that a pt w/ a positive
test truly has the disease.
The more specific a test, the higher its PPV
prevalence dependent Answer: the higher the disease prevalence, the higher the PPV of the test for that
disease
12. What is negative predictive value? Answer: probability that a pt w/ a neg test
,truly does not have the disease. The more sensitive a test, the higher its NPV.
Prevalence dependent Answer: the lower the disease prevalence, the higher the NPV of the test for that
disease
, 13. What is sensitivity in a test? Answer: -its ability to detect people who do have th
disease
= the percentage of the people with a disease that is correctly detected or classified
14. What is specificity of a test? Answer: - its ability to detect people who do not hav
the disease
= the percentage of the disease-free people who are correctly classified or detected
15. What are 4 examples of characteristics that effect the normalcy
in tests? Answer: Cul- tural (defines abnormal behavior)
Age Ditterences (decrease skin turgor)
Gender Ditterences (men ^RBCs)
Situational Ditterences (high altitude
^RBCs) Time variations (time of day)
16. What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of diseases
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and oth
factors relating to health.
17. What is an endemic, epidemic, and pandemic disease? Answer: Endem
Answer: disease native to local
region
Epidemic Answer: disease disseminated to many individuals at the
same time Pandemic Answer: epidemic that attects large geographic
region
18. There are 5 principal factors affecting patterns of disease in
