Integrated Exam on Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics, and Hormonal Agents Mock Exam (150Qs&A) 2025/2026

Integrated Exam on Insulin, Oral
Hypoglycemics, and Hormonal Agents
Mock Exam (150Qs&A)
2025/2026

1. Which hormone is deficient in Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Growth hormone
D. Insulin
Answer: D. Insulin
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction
of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
2. Which insulin has the fastest onset of action?
A. Regular insulin
B. NPH insulin
C. Insulin lispro
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: C. Insulin lispro
Rationale: Rapid-acting insulins like lispro have the fastest onset
and are used just before meals.
3. Metformin primarily works by:
A. Increasing pancreatic insulin secretion
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Delaying gastric emptying
D. Stimulating glucagon release
Answer: B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production

, Rationale: Metformin reduces gluconeogenesis in the liver and
improves insulin sensitivity.
4. Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with
metformin?
A. Weight gain
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Gastrointestinal upset
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: C. Gastrointestinal upset
Rationale: Metformin commonly causes nausea, diarrhea, and
abdominal discomfort.
5. Which oral antidiabetic drug class increases insulin secretion by
closing potassium channels?
A. Biguanides
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Sulfonylureas
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Answer: C. Sulfonylureas
Rationale: Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release by closing ATP-
sensitive potassium channels in beta cells.
6. Which long-acting insulin has no pronounced peak?
A. NPH insulin
B. Regular insulin
C. Insulin detemir
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: D. Insulin glargine
Rationale: Insulin glargine provides a steady basal insulin level
with no significant peak.

,7. Which medication delays carbohydrate absorption in the
intestine?
A. Sitagliptin
B. Acarbose
C. Pioglitazone
D. Glyburide
Answer: B. Acarbose
Rationale: Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that slows
carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
8. Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Insulin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: B. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium by
promoting bone resorption and renal reabsorption.
9. Which antidiabetic drug works by increasing insulin sensitivity?
A. Pioglitazone
B. Glyburide
C. Repaglinide
D. Exenatide
Answer: A. Pioglitazone
Rationale: Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone improve
peripheral insulin sensitivity.
10. Which condition is treated with levothyroxine?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Cushing’s syndrome

, D. Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of T4 used to replace
deficient thyroid hormone.
11. Which thyroid medication inhibits thyroid hormone
synthesis?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Propranolol
C. Methimazole
D. Liothyronine
Answer: C. Methimazole
Rationale: Methimazole blocks thyroid peroxidase, reducing
thyroid hormone production.
12. Which symptom is most consistent with hypoglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Bradycardia
C. Diaphoresis
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Diaphoresis
Rationale: Hypoglycemia causes adrenergic symptoms such as
sweating, tremor, and palpitations.
13. Which medication is used for the treatment of diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Subcutaneous insulin glargine
B. Oral metformin
C. IV regular insulin
D. Pioglitazone
Answer: C. IV regular insulin
Rationale: IV regular insulin is the treatment of choice for DKA.